The history of computer development: the main milestones.

The history of computer development is connected with the names of outstanding scientists who confidently went to their goal - to facilitate the computing activity of a person with the help of machines.

History of computer development. Counting machines

Blaise Pascal (1623-1662). For several years, the young scientist has developed more than fifty models of computers, trying to help his father to consider taxes. In 1645 he created the "Pascaline", which performed addition and subtraction.

Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (1646-1716) proposed a counting machine, which he called an arithmometer. She did all the arithmetic.

Charles Babbage (1792-1872) - the first software-controlled machine was almost finished and consisted of two parts: computational and printing. He put forward promising ideas about the memory of the machine and the processor. Assistant scientist Augusta Ada Lovelace has developed the world's first computer program.

History of computer development. New ideas, new inventions.

Herman Hollerith (1829 - 1896) - invented in 1888 a tabulator - a calculating machine with an electrical relay. Used in the development of punch cards Jacquard.

By 1900, mass production included mechanical calculators, and then electromechanical.

Forest - 1906 - the creation of a three-electrode vacuum lamp (triode). This discovery will later become the impetus for the creation of a computer.

Konrad Zuse (Germany) invented in 1938 a new mechanical machine that processes information in binary code. In 1941, there was an electromechanical on the basis of a relay, which is considered the first computer controlled program. It performed arithmetic operations, including a floating point.

John Mauchly and Presper Eckert - in 1946 in Pennsylvania developed the first computer. It was called ENIAC, it had automatic program control.

John von Neumann (1903-1957) - a mathematician, formulated the principle of a "stored program".

1949 - Cambridge University - the new English EDSAC possessed all the components of modern electronic computers.

History of computer development. The first Soviet.

In 1951 appeared MESM (small electronic computer), which was developed by scientists under the leadership of SA Lebedev in a laboratory near Kiev. Then others were invented, the best of which in the sixties was considered a computer "M-20" (created under the leadership of SA Lebedev), which performed twenty thousand operations per second.

History of the appearance of a computer. From generation to generation.

First-generation computers (50-60 years of the twentieth century). The main element is an electronic lamp. Large volume (occupied an area of 170 square meters) and weight of the machine (30 tons). The inventors determined the range of the main components of the computer: processor, RAM, input-output devices.

The second generation computer (60-65 years of the twentieth century). Element base - semiconductor transistors. The amount of memory (on magnetic cores) increased 32 times, the speed increased 10 times. The size and weight of the machines decreased, their reliability increased. Important new programming languages were developed: Algol, FORTRAN, COBOL, which made possible the further improvement of the programs. During this period, an I / O processor is created, and the use of operating systems begins.

The third generation computer ((1965-1970)) The element base has changed the transistors to integrated microcircuits, the size of the computer has been significantly reduced, their cost, and the possibility to use several programs on one machine has been developed.

The fourth-generation computer (1970-1984). Changing the element base-placing tens of thousands of elements on one crystal. Significant expansion of the user audience.

The further history of the development of computers and ICT is associated with the improvement of microprocessors, the development of microcomputers, which can be owned by individuals. Steve Wozniak developed the first mass-scale home computer, and then - the first personal computer.