The concept of moles. Why are birthmarks traumatized and itchy?

Many people, damaging the birthmark, think about whether the injury will cause harm to their health. At someone such question on own health arises, when at them the birthmarks are scratched. In any case, in the presence of injured moles there is every reason for concern.

By "mole" the inhabitants mean several concepts of different origin. There are the following types of moles:

- a nevus. Its origin is associated with a hereditary-conditioned skin defect that promotes the formation of benign tumors in the course of vital activity, with the accumulation of the melanin pigment responsible for their dark brown coloration. Especially rapidly the number of nevi increases during the period of hormonal bursts, during puberty and during pregnancy. Normally, nevuses are not itchy, itching in moles appears only when they degenerate into oncology;

- Angioma is the formation of vascular origin, which develops due to a defect in the walls of vessels of small caliber: capillaries, arterioles and veins. In view of its origin, the tumor wears a dark cherry, sometimes a bluish tinge, a color. Angioma can look like small oval elevations on the skin or occupy vast areas of the skin surface in the form of a birthmark;

- papillomas, popularly called "warts", are a kind of viral infection transmitted by contact. Most papilloviruses affect the palms, feet, knees and are associated with the immunodeficient state of the body. Education occurs not immediately after infection, but after a certain time, i.e. The incubation period lasts from one to six months. Usually, such formations have a color that is close to the color of the skin, sometimes they are painted in pink. As a rule, angiomas and papillomas are not itchy, birthmarks of such a plan usually do not bother their owners.

Often, owners of numerous birthmarks ask doctors questions: "What will happen to me if I ripped off or combed my birthmark? How do I know which type of birthmark I hurt? ". How to distinguish, what kind of this cutaneous formation was damaged?

The nevuses are slightly painful in case of damage, there may be a slight discharge of blood, as with any other skin trauma. During injury to angiomas, bleeding can be very severe (compared to the wound of the nevus), which has not been stopped for a long time in the usual way. Damage to the papilloma is accompanied by severe pain, and also leads to the spread of the viral infection to the contaminated areas of the skin that has not yet affected the pathological process.

Why are the moles scratched? What are the consequences of their injuries?

With frequent traumatization of the nevus, the risk of its degeneration into a malignant tumor of the skin - melanoma - is very high. This type of cancer is characterized by aggressive course, rapid development of metastases and high lethality. What happens when a nevi injury? Its rapid growth after a short time after injury, the appearance of ulcers in its place, the asymmetry of the birthmark, the change in its pattern and color. Alas, with melanoma, males often scratch their moles. Angiomas and papillomas usually do not become malignant.

Principles of treatment of injured moles

Whatever origin of the birthmark, if it is damaged, you should turn to a specialist without delay. The doctor must take a tissue sample and send it to a histological examination. If the cells of the sample are questionable, then it may be necessary to consult an oncologist.

It is extremely cautious to approach the elimination of nevi. Absolute indications of their removal include their location on the face and in places of frequent trauma (on the chin of boys, on the breasts of girls, at the waist and in the perineum). It is better to remove nevuses before puberty or already in adulthood, when the hormonal background is more or less stable. Usually a similar procedure is carried out in the autumn-winter period, when insolation is less pronounced, because Ultraviolet irradiation plays an important role in the formation of melanin pigment. As a rule, less traumatic methods are chosen. However, if there are reasons to suspect melanoma, then there can be no question of sparing methods. It is necessary to radically excise pathological areas with the help of surgical intervention with further courses of radiation and chemotherapy.

In other cases, all nevi, papillomas and angiomas are removed by cryodistruction with liquid nitrogen, electrocoagulation or laser treatment. One of the new techniques is radiosurgery, which allows you to remove the tumor without damaging the healthy tissues.