The chemical formula of vodka

What is the formula of vodka? What is it really like? Let's first examine the royal vodka. This liquid is a compound of saturated nitric and hydrochloric acids. Nitrogen HNO3 and hydrochloric acid HCl are taken in accordance 1: 3 by volume. Here the mass analogy in terms of pure substances is 1: 2.

History

For the first time the royal vodka was described by Pseudo-Geber. He was an unknown alchemist. His treatises were distributed in Europe in the fourteenth century. Long before the discovery of hydrochloric acid in Latin works, the chemical formula of royal vodka was described. This liquid was obtained by dry sublimation of a mixture of alum, ammonium nitrate, copper sulfate and ammonia in a glass coated vessel. The container was equipped with a hood or glass cover.

Albert the great in his works calls the royal vodka aqua secunda. This name means "secondary vodka". Aqua prima translates as "primary vodka", which means nitric acid. In other alchemists, the formula of vodka is called aqua regia.

Bonaventura in 1270 published his own method of obtaining a miracle liquid: he diluted ammonia in "strong vodka" (aqua fortis, nitric acid). Bonaventure was able to establish that nitric acid can dissolve silver by detaching it from gold. He determined that "royal vodka" is able to dissolve the "king of metals" - gold. But until some time it was believed that this substance can not be subjected to changes.

Thus, the name aqua regia appeared. The royal vodka became known as the alchemical symbol, composed of the sign of water and the letter "R".

Royal vodka and alchemy

In the alchemy of Andreas Libavia, in 1597, the production of royal vodka was first described by mixing saturated hydrochloric and nitric acids. Alkastest is a universal solvent. His preparation was considered as the solution of one of the most important tasks of alchemy.

Royal vodka was used quite often in the practice of alchemy. This led to a significant increase in knowledge of chemical reactions and substances. In addition, such experiments contributed to the formation of technical chemistry and assay analysis.

In Lavoisier's works, the formula of vodka "tsarist" was called nitromuric acid. Scientists thought that the chlorine liberated in the gaseous state is an oxide of a muium element or a defogistated hydrochloric acid.

In Russia, she had many names. In the works of MV. Lomonosov for 1742 it has the name "royal vodka". M. Parpua in 1796 called her "royal vodka". V.V. Petrov in 1801 gave her the name of nitrate-hydrochloric acid, and G.I. Hess in 1831 called it nitric acid. Other names of this liquid are also common.

In Russian, the word "vodka" appeared in the fourteenth century. It was diminutive from the word "water" and had this significance up to the middle of the nineteenth century. Further, this word received the meaning of "alcoholic beverage," at first it was dialectal. And it was only at the beginning of the twentieth century that vodka began to imply strong alcohol.

Properties

Royal vodka has a yellow-orange color with a strong smell of nitrogen dioxide and chlorine. The freshly prepared liquid is colorless, but rapidly acquires an orange color.

What is the preparation of royal vodka from? The formula is quite interesting. In the interaction of HNO3 and HCI, a complex mixture of products with high activity arises, among which are associates and free radicals. This fluid is one of the most powerful oxidants. The mixture is prepared right before use, as during storage it decomposes and loses oxidative qualities:

3HCl + HNO3 = 2Cl + NOCl + 2H2 O

NOCl = NO + Cl

2NO + O2 = 2No2

The effectiveness of royal vodka as an oxidizer is more associated with a decrease in the possibility of oxidation of metals. This is due to the formation of complex chloride compounds. Complexation in an oxidizing strongly acidic medium makes possible the dilution of such metals with low activity, such as platinum, gold and palladium, even at room temperature.

Application

This liquid is used as a reagent in chemical laboratories. She cleans glassware from traces of organic substances. Royal vodka is used in assay tests of high-quality metals and their alloys, with affinage of platinum and gold, in the production of metal chlorides, and so on.

Vodka

Vodka is called a colorless alcoholic beverage. It is a water-alcoholic liquid without an obvious smell and taste. The strength of vodka can be completely different: according to Russian standards - 40-45% and 50-56% volumetric, according to the EU legislation - not less than 37.5%.

The classical formula of vodka is quite interesting - C2H5OH 40% + H2O 60%. The process of production of this liquid consists of preparing the corrected water and mixing ethyl rectified alcohol extracted from food raw materials with reconstituted water. The water-alcohol mixture is treated with modified starch or activated charcoal. Then it is filtered, the ingredients are added, mixed, re-filtered and poured into consumer containers. Ready products are issued accordingly.

No less interesting is the chemical formula of vodka with a strength of 40.0 - 45.0% with a special flavor and taste. Such a liquid is called special. It is produced by applying a variety of ingredients, flavoring and flavoring additives.

With excessive and regular use of vodka causes alcohol dependence and addiction.

Mendeleev

In Russia there are many legends about "bitter". One of the myths points to the connection between the appearance of vodka and the activity of D.I. Mendeleev University. The basis was his doctoral thesis, which was called "On the connection of alcohol with water."

Oh, this formula of Mendeleev's vodka! What is it really like? The myth tells about the following:

• In his thesis, the scientist established unusual properties of a water-alcohol liquid. The mixture had an ethanol concentration of 43% by volume and strangely affected the living organism.
• With a similar concentration of water-alcohol liquid can be obtained only by mixing the weight parts of alcohol and water.
• Based on these facts, Mendeleev was able to develop a recipe called "Moscow special". This exclusive in 1894 was patented by the Russian government as a national Russian vodka.

Of course, D.I. Mendeleev never took part in the creation or modernization of vodka. Only a few of his works were subsequently used to make this liquid.