Health, Medicine
Temporal portion of brain: structure and function
Thinking, character storage, habits, perception of events is different in men and women, in people with a dominant right hemisphere of the brain from those with more developed left. Some diseases, abnormalities, injuries, factors contributing to the activity of these or those parts of the brain have to do with human life, whether he feels healthy and happy. How does the mental state of a person affect the increased activity of the temporal lobe of the brain?
Location:
The upper lobe parts of the hemisphere belong to the parietal lobe. From the front and from the side, the parietal lobe is confined to the frontal zone, from the bottom - the temporal region, from the occipital part - by an imaginary line running from above the parieto-occipital zone and reaching the lower edge of the hemisphere. The temporal lobe is located in the lower lateral parts of the brain and is underlined by a pronounced lateral groove.
The front part represents a certain temporal pole. The lateral surface of the temporal lobe displays the upper and lower lobes. The gyrus is located along the furrows. The upper temporal gyrus is located on the area between the lateral groove on the top and the upper temporal bottom.
Functions
The functions of the temporal lobe have a connection with visual, auditory, taste perception, smell, analysis, and speech synthesis. Its main functional center is located in the upper lateral part of the temporal lobe. Here, the auditory center, the gnostic, speech center is localized.
Temporal lobes take part in complex mental processes. One of their functions is the processing of visual information. In the temporal lobe there are several visual centers, gyri, one of which is responsible for the recognition of faces. Through the indicated temporal lobe there passes the so-called Mayer loop, the damage of which can cost the loss of the upper part of the view.
The functions of the brain departments are used depending on the dominant hemisphere.
The temporal lobe of the dominant hemisphere of the brain is responsible for:
- Word recognition;
- Operates on long-term and medium-length memory;
- Responsible for assimilating information while listening;
- Analysis of auditory information and partially visual images (while perception combines the visible and audible into a single whole);
- Has a complex-composite memory that combines the perception of touch, hearing and vision, while in the human there is a synthesis of all signals and their correlation with the object;
- Responsible for balancing emotional manifestations.
The temporal proportion of the non-dominant hemisphere is responsible for:
- Facial expression recognition;
- Analyzes speech intonation;
- Regulates the perception of rhythm;
- Responsible for the perception of music;
- Promotes visual learning.
Left temporal lobe and its damage
The left, as a rule, the dominant share, is responsible for the logical processes, contributes to an understanding of the processing of speech. It has the role of control over character, remembering words, it is associated with short-term and long-term memory.
If a disease or damage is localized in the temporal lobe of the brain of the dominant hemisphere, it is fraught with consequences in the form of:
- Aggression to oneself;
- Development of melancholy, which manifests itself in endless pessimism, thoughts of meaninglessness and negativity;
- Paranoia;
- Difficulties in arranging phrases in the process of speech, the choice of words;
- Difficulties in analyzing incoming sounds (impossibility to distinguish between crackle and thunder, etc.);
- Problems with reading;
- Emotional imbalances.
Activity rate
As you know, the temporal lobe is at the level of an imaginary arc of glasses - that is, on the line below the level of the ears. The temporal lobes in combination with the activity of the limbic system make life emotionally full. Their unity allows us to talk about the emotional brain, which is known for passionate desires and exalted experiences. These experiences compel us to feel the peak of pleasure or leave in deep despair.
Normally, with a balanced activity of temporal lobes and limbic system, a person has a full self-awareness, relies on personal experience, experiences a variety of uniform emotions, is prone to experiencing spiritual experience, is fully aware of everything. Otherwise, all the listed activities of the human brain will be violated, and, therefore, do not avoid problems in communication and everyday life.
Damage to the non-dominant hemisphere
The peculiarity of the location of the temporal lobes is the reason why this part of the brain is so vulnerable.
Emotional intelligence makes life meaningful and colorful, but it costs him to get out of control, as cruelty, pessimism and oppression from the depths of consciousness threaten us and others. Emotional intelligence is the most important element of the operating system of our self. In psychiatry, the ailments associated with these areas of the brain are called temporal epilepsy, but in addition, the frustration of the activity of these parts of the brain can explain many irrational manifestations of the personality and, unfortunately, religious experience.
If the non-dominant hemisphere of the temporal lobe of the brain is damaged, emotional speech is perceived incorrectly, music is not recognized, the feeling of rhythm is lost, there is no memory for the facial expressions of people.
The explanation of the so-called extrasensory abilities may well be in non-convulsive seizures, when the functions of the temporal lobes of the brain are disrupted.
Manifestations:
- Déjà vu - a feeling already seen;
- Perception of the unseen;
- A state like transcendental or sleep;
- Unexplained states of inner experiences that can be regarded as merging with another consciousness;
- States characterized as travel to the astral plane;
- Hypergraphy, which can be manifested by an unrestrained desire to write (usually meaningless texts);
- Recurring dreams;
- Problems with speech, when the ability to express thoughts disappears;
- Sudden influxes of depressive irritation with thoughts of the negative of everything around him.
Brain disorders
In contrast to epileptic conditions, which is caused by dysfunction of the right temporal lobe of the brain, the feelings of the ordinary person manifest themselves systematically, and not irregular.
As a result of volunteers, it was revealed that the forced activation of the temporal lobes of the brain is felt by a person, such as supernatural experiences, sensations of the presence of a non-existent object, angels, aliens, and a sense of moving beyond life and approaching death.
The realization of a double or "other self" arises because of the discrepancy of the brain hemispheres, according to experts. If you stimulate emotional perception, there are extraordinary, so-called spiritual experiences.
The passive temporal lobe hides intuition, it is activated when it appears that one of the people you know is not good, although you can not see them.
Among patients suffering from the disease of the middle sections of the temporal lobe, there were cases of high emotionality, resulting in the development of highly ethical behavioral manifestations. In the behavior of patients with hyperactive convolutions of the temporal lobe, rapid and coherent speaking was followed, and a relative decrease in sexual activity was noticeable. Unlike other patients with a similar type of disease, these patients showed signs of depression and attacks of irritability, which contrasted with a favorable attitude towards them.
Prerequisites for increased activity
Various events can play the role of an irritant of the temporal lobe portion. Increased activity (the convolutions of the temporal lobe) is possible due to events related to the accident, lack of oxygen at high altitude, damage during surgery, a jump in sugar level, prolonged insomnia, drugs, actual manifestations of the temporal lobe, altered state of consciousness after meditation, ritual actions.
Limbic bark
In the depth of the lateral groove in the temporal lobe there is a so-called limbic cortex, reminiscent of an islet. A circular groove separates it from adjacent adjacent areas from the side. On the surface of the islet, the front and rear parts are visible; In it the analyzer of taste is localized . The inner and lower parts of the hemispheres unite into the limbic cortex, including the amygdala nucleus, the olfactory tract, and the areas of the cerebral cortex.
The limbic cortex is a single functional system, the properties of which consist not so much in providing communication with the external, as in the regulation of the tone of the cortex, the activity of internal organs, and behavioral responses. Another important role of the limbic system is the formation of motivation. Internal motivation includes instinctive and emotional components, regulation of sleep and activity.
Limbic system
The limbic system models an emotional impulse: negative or positive emotions are its derivatives. Thanks to her influence, a person has a certain emotional mood. If its activity is reduced, optimism prevails, positive feelings, and vice versa. The limbic system serves as an indicator for assessing current events.
These areas of the brain have a strong charge of negative or positive memories entered in the register of the limbic system. Their importance lies in the fact that when looking at events through the prism of emotional memory, the ability to survive is stimulated, the resulting stimulation stimulates to action when it relates to getting in touch with the opposite sex, or avoiding a dysfunctional boyfriend who has memorized himself as a pain.
Emotional background, negative or positive, creates a sum of emotional memories that affect stability in the present, views, behavior. The deep structures of the limbic system are responsible for building social ties, personal relationships. Based on the results of the experiments, the damaged limbic system of rodents did not allow the mothers to show tenderness towards their offspring.
The limbic system functions like a switch of consciousness, instantly activating emotions or rational thinking. With a calm limbic system, the frontal cortex of the brain becomes predominant, and when it dominates, the behavior is controlled by emotions. In depressive states, the limbic system is usually more active in humans, and the functioning of the head cortex is suppressed.
Diseases
Many researchers have found a decrease in the density of neurons in large temporal lobes of patients who have been diagnosed with schizophrenic diseases. By results of researches, the right temporal share differed the big sizes in comparison with the left. With the course of the disease, the temporal part of the brain decreases in volume. At the same time there is an increased activity in the right temporal lobe and a disruption of the connections between neurons of the temporal and cephalic cortex.
This activity is observed in patients with auditory hallucinations, perceiving their thoughts as third-party voices. It was noted that the stronger the hallucinations, the weaker the connection between the sections of the temporal lobe and the frontal cortex. Disorders of thinking and speech add to visual and auditory deviations. The upper temporal gyrus suffering from schizophrenia is significantly reduced with this same region of the brain in healthy people.
According to many authors, the pathological process gradually spreads from the depth of the brain to the frontal and temporal parts, most pronounced in the upper gyrus of the right temporal lobe.
Prevention of hemispheric health
As a prevention of full perception, the brain needs training in the form of music, dancing, declaring poetry, playing rhythmic melodies. Movement in time with music, singing under the playing of musical instruments improves and harmonizes the functions of the emotional part of the brain when the temporal lobe is activated.
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