In our body, there is a pigment called melanin, which is of decisive importance for skin color, eyes, hair color. The main task of melanin is to protect the human body from the harmful effects of ultraviolet rays. Therefore, residents of warm countries as a result of the production of melanin have a swarthy skin color. With an uneven accumulation of this pigment, spots appear on the body. Their appearance is a signal about the existing abnormalities in the functioning of the organism.

Types of pigment spots:

Freckles

Occur with an uneven distribution of pigment cells, appear on the skin in the form of spots of various sizes and shades. Most often in the open areas of the body in red-haired girls and blondes, since their skin is more reactive to ultraviolet radiation.

Melasma

Their appearance is mainly affected by young women. These pigmentation spots appear throughout the face due to hormonal factors, under the influence of sunlight. As a result of the connection of individual sections of the melasma, large spots of irregular shape may form.

Birthmarks

They can be congenital, but can manifest with time. They arise as a result of a malfunction in the skin cells, which are overwhelmed with pigment. Under adverse conditions can cause cancer.

Vitiligo

White spots on the body, which cover most of it in connection with the cessation of the production of melanin by the body. Particularly noticeable in the summer.

Letingo

Body stains having a round shape, which in diameter can reach 3 cm. They are more common in the elderly. They can also occur in young people with certain diseases.

Albinism

Dermal pigmentation disorder, which is congenital. The body is not able to produce melanin. Skin and hair are white in color, and the eyes are red. People-albinos should constantly beware of the sun.

The causes of stains on the body

- liver dysfunction;

- disruption of the kidneys, gallbladder, other internal organs;

- malnutrition;

- disruption of the nervous system;

- lack of folic acid in the diet;

- improperly chosen means of skin care;

- prolonged exposure to the sun or in the solarium;

- and other reasons.

Most of the pigmentation spots appear in women. Arise at any age. Most often, spots are formed on the neck, in the mouth, eye, on the joints, fingers, genitals. If your child develops pigmentation spots, you should always consult a dermatologist. Stains on the legs of children, as well as on other areas of the body should be examined by a specialist in order to correctly diagnose and prescribe treatment, as self-medication can adversely affect their health.

Prevention

- to protect the skin from exposure to sunlight;

- wear clothes made of natural fabrics;

- abandon unverified cosmetics, various supplements and vitamins, as well as cosmetic procedures;

- eat foods rich in vitamins A, B and C.

Treatment

How is it treated?

1. An ultraviolet laser that acts on the spots without damaging the healthy skin around them;
2. Phototherapy, treatment is carried out with the help of light and can last up to a year;
3. PUVA therapy, exposure to sunspots with ultraviolet long waves;
4. Photochemotherapy, helium-nylon laser is used;
5. Spreading on the stains for a month a solution of copper sulphate ;
6. Cryotherapy, the skin is treated with liquid nitrogen.

Along with the appointed doctor-dermatologist treatment, you can use folk remedies:

- 20g of lemon juice mixed with 200g of water and this solution wipe the affected skin areas;

- grate the cucumber and apply the resulting gruel to the problem areas;

- wipe the stains on the body with sour milk or kefir;

- use hydrogen peroxide;

- add the extract of celandine to the bath with water.