Sigmund Freud is the founder of psychoanalysis. What does Freud mean by our behavior?

Father of the system called "Do you want to talk about this?" Lie down on the couch, "the man who provided work to sexologists, thought the key to all the problems, was recognized by the whole world and miraculously escaped death at the hands of the Nazis - Solomon Sigismund (Sigmund) Freud.

How it all began

Sigmund Freud (May 6, 1856 - September 23, 1939) - the founder of the theory of psychoanalysis. Having received a higher medical education in Austria at the end of the 19th century, he wrote works on the systemic disorders of speech and diseases of the nervous system. However, he did not succeed in finding success in this field, since anti-Semitism, which was gaining momentum in society at that time, prevented it. Because of this, he turned his attention to psychiatry, which was less developed and not particularly interesting. This step was a turning point in this branch of medicine, since Freud first considered the appeal to the unconscious person, namely, considering him the source of all mental and psychosomatic illnesses. Psychology by Freud is ambiguous, it causes a lot of controversy to this day. What is at least official Zigmund's affection for cocaine! He used it himself and strongly shared with the environment, enthusiastically commenting on the effect of the drug, which drove out depression and promoted digestion. During the experiments, it was found that "healing powder" can be used as an anesthetic in operations on the eyes. The cocaine in scientific works was elevated by Freud to the rank of panacea, which, in turn, provoked a wave of drug addiction that did not subside until the 1920s. Because of this, the psychiatrist was subjected to general censure, as he became a kind of initiator of drug addiction among the inhabitants of Europe and the United States. In addition, due to the progressive Nazism and anti-Semitism, the life of the psychiatrist and his family was under constant threat, and only because of his popularity the government allowed him to leave Austria and settle in London. The capital of Great Britain accepted Freud with joy, including in the Royal Society and providing honor to the end of his days.

Personality of Freud: the fundamentals, structure

As already mentioned above, Freud was an innovator in the field of psychiatry, as he appealed to the unconscious man, bypassing his conscious manifestations. His works are extensive and specific, but it is possible to single out the main points on which they rely.

Drawing schematically depicts the person according to Freud, consider all the elements in detail:

• Id - "It". The animal component of man, based solely on baser desires and needs. "It" pursues one goal - getting pleasure.
• Ego is the "I". This is a person as he is from a social point of view. "I" reflects the awareness of what is happening, what Freud means as much as possible full interaction with the surrounding world, the ability to connect the past, the present and the future, draw conclusions. Has a protective mechanism that protects from "It".
• Superego - "Super-I". This is what a person seeks to become under the pressure of society. "Super-I" dictates to a person exactly how he should act, based on the vaccinated morality and conscience.

Theory of Substitution

Ideally, all these components of the person peacefully coexist - "It" craves pleasures and, as far as possible, gets them, "Super-I" tends to an ideal that is imposed from the outside, and the "I" balances these two extremes. In practice, the ideal of Freud is unattainable, because everywhere one way or another there is a preponderance. For example, psychopaths "I" suppress "It", the thirst for pleasure breaks free, wiping all the foundations. In neurasthenics - on the contrary, the role of the first violin is played by the "Super-I", the eternal discontent with oneself and the rejection of one's imperfection grows.

What does Freud mean the treatment of mental disorders? The basic principle is the replacement of "It" or "Super-I" with "I" by the method of interpreting dreams and free associations.

Personal Development

The psychologist not only recognized human sexuality first, but also made accent on it, claiming that the person is driven by the libido (the thirst for sensual pleasures). Freudian development is based on sexuality, and it appeared with the person, and was not manifested only during puberty. Based on this, the following stages of personality formation were identified:

• Oral (birth-1.5 years). All the pleasures of the world are concentrated in the mouth. The infant not only enjoys the process of feeding, but also explores the surrounding objects with the mouth.
• Anal (1-3 years). The anus is the focus of pleasure, as the child is trained to cope with need independently, is able to control the intestines and is not so fully dependent on the care of the parents.
• Phallic (3-5 years). Libido manifests itself in the interest in the sexual organs, the contact with which the child enjoys. At this stage, the boys can form the Oedipus complex, which means Freud's attraction to the mother, the girls have the analogue - the Electra complex, or "envy of the penis".
• Latent (6-12 years). Libido abates, the social awareness of oneself comes to the fore.
• Genital (from 12 years old). Sexual maturation, sexuality takes first place.

Is there a conclusion?

The explanation of what a person means by Freud is controversial. To consider the person only from the point of view of his sexuality is not worth it, because it is one-sided. However, the psychologist himself admitted that his judgments are not complete and should be contested if new data are available. And do not forget about the fact that the work of a psychologist is the basis for modern sexology, they can find a description and a method of treating any deviation.