Sergei Esenin - biography and the work of the poet. When is Sergey Yesenin's birthday?

Sergey Yesenin. The name of the great Russian poet - connoisseur of the people's soul, the singer of peasant Russia, is familiar to everyone, poems have long become Russian classics, and on the birthday of Sergei Esenin, fans of his work gather.

Oh, you sleigh! What a sleigh!

The ringing of frozen aspen.

My father is a peasant,

Well, I'm a peasant son.

Sergei Yesenin: biography of the Russian poet

Ryazan Oblast. The village of Konstantinovo. In 1895, a poet was born whose works are admired by admirers of his work. October 3 is Sergei Yesenin's birthday. Since childhood, the boy was on the upbringing of a prosperous and enterprising grandfather on the maternal line, a great connoisseur of ecclesiastical literature. Therefore, among the first impressions of the child spiritual verses sung by wandering blind people, and tales of beloved grandmother, prompted the future poet to his own creativity, which took off at the age of 9 years.

Sergei graduated from the 4th class of the local zemstvo school, although he studied for 5 years: due to unsatisfactory behavior he was left for the second year. He continued to receive knowledge in the Spas-Klepikovo church and parish school, which trained rural teachers.

The capital of Russian cities: the beginning of a new life

At the age of 17 he left for Moscow, got a job in a butcher's shop, where his father served as a clerk. After the conflict with the parent, he changed jobs: went to book publishing, and then to the printing house as a proofreader. There he met Izryadnova Anna, who gave birth to him, 19-year-old, in December 1914, the son of Yuri, shot in 1937 on a false verdict on the attempt on the life of Stalin.

During his stay in the capital, the poet took part in the literary and musical circle. Surikov, joined the rebellious workers, for which he received the attention of the police. In 1912, as an auditor, I attended the classes of A. Shanyavsky's People's University in Moscow. There Yesenin received the foundations of humanitarian education, listening to lectures on Western European and Russian literature. Yesenin's birthday is known to many admirers of his work - October 3, 1895. His works are translated into many languages, are included in the compulsory school curriculum. Today, many are interested in what kind of relationship the poet has built with a beautiful gender, whether the women of Sergey Yesenin loved, did he reciprocate? What (or who) inspired him to create; To create so that after a century his poems are relevant, interesting, loved.

Life and work of Sergei Yesenin

The first publication of Yesenin's works took place in 1914 in the capital's magazines, and the beginning of the successful debut was the poem "Birch". Literally in a century Sergei Yesenin's birthday will be known to almost every schoolboy, but for now the poet has stepped on his thorny road leading to fame and recognition. In Petrograd, where Sergei moved in the spring of 1915, believing that the whole literary life was concentrated in this city, he read his works to Blok, who personally came to get acquainted. A hospitable reception surrounded by the famous poet and the approval of their poems inspired the envoy of the Russian village and endless fields to further creativity.

Recognized, publish, read

Sergey Yesenin's talent was recognized by Klyuev NA, Gorodetsky SM, Remizov AM, Gumilev NS, whom the young man was obliged to Blok to get acquainted with. Almost all of the poems that were brought were published, and Sergei Yesenin, whose biography to this day is of interest to fans of the poet's work, has become widely known. In joint poetry with Klyuev before the public, stylized as folk and peasant manner, the young golden-haired poet appeared in morocco boots and an embroidered shirt. He approached the society of "new peasant poets" and was fond of this direction. The key theme of Yesenin's poetry was the peasantry of Russia, the love of which permeates all his works.

In 1916, he was drafted into the army, but thanks to the anxiety and troubles of his friends he was appointed a paramedic to the military-sanitary train of Empress Alexandra Feodorovna, which allowed the poet to visit the literary salons without hindrance, to perform at concerts, to attend receptions of patrons.

The peasantry in the poet's work

The October Revolution adopted in its own way joyfully and with enthusiasm wrote a number of small poems "The Heavenly Drummer", "Inonia", "The Jordan's Dove", imbued with a premonition of future changes; Life and work of Sergei Yesenin were at the beginning of a new, yet unknown path - the path of glory and recognition.

In 1916, the debut book of Yesenin "Radunitsa" was published, enthusiastically received by critics who discovered in it a fresh trend, the author's natural taste and his young spontaneity. Then, from 1914 to 1917, Goluben, Rus, Marfa-Posadnitsa, and Mikola were printed, marked by a special Esenin style with humanization of animals, plants, natural phenomena forming together with man , Connected with the roots of nature, a holistic, harmonious and beautiful world. The paintings of Esenin Rus - a reverential, almost religious feeling for the poet, are painted with a subtle understanding of nature with a stove, a canine overhang, an unkempt haymaking, swamps, a heron snoring and hominid mowers.

Second marriage of Sergei Yesenin

In 1917, the poet married Reich Zinaida Nikolayevna, from the marriage with whom the children of Sergei Yesenin appeared: Konstantin's son and daughter Tatyana. At this time Esenin comes to the real popularity, the poet becomes in demand, he is invited to various poetic evenings. In 1918 - 1921 he traveled a lot around the country: the Crimea, the Caucasus, Arkhangelsk, Murmansk, Turkestan, Bessarabia. He worked on the dramatic poem "Pugachev", in the spring traveled to the Orenburg steppes.

In 1918-1920, the poet became friends with Marienhoff AB, Shershenevich VG, Ivnev R. and was carried away by imagination - a post-revolutionary literary and artistic movement based on futurism, which claimed to build the "art of the future", a completely new one, Which denies all previous artistic experience. Yesenin became a frequent visitor to the literary cafe Stoil Pegasus, which is in Moscow at the Nikitsky Gate. The poet, who sought to learn "the communion of the ravaged Russia," only partially shared the desire of the newly created trend, whose goal was to purify the form of "dust of content". He still continued to perceive himself as a poet of "Russia leaving". In his poems appeared motifs of life, "razvorochennogo storm," a drunken removal, the replacement of which comes with a grievous longing. The poet appears as a brawler, a hooligan, a drunkard with a bloody soul, wandering from the brothel to the brothel, where he is encircled by a "strange and laughing rabble" (collections "Moskovskaya kabatskaya", "Confessions of a hooligan" and "Poems of the rowdy").

In 1920, a three-year marriage with Z. Reich broke up. The children of Sergei Esenin went their own way: Constantine became a famous football statistician, and Tatyana - the director of the museum of his father and a member of the Writers' Union.

Isadora Duncan and Sergei Yesenin

In 1921 Yesenin met with the dancer Isadora Duncan. She did not speak Russian, the poet, who read and highly educated a lot, did not know any foreign languages, but from the first meeting, when looking at the dance of this woman, Sergei Yesenin irreversibly reached for her. The couple, in which Isadora was 18 years older, did not stop the age difference. His beloved most often called "angel", and he called her "Isidora". The immediacy of Isadora, her fiery dances, drove Esenin crazy. She also perceived him as a weak and unprotected child, treated Sergei with tender tenderness and even over time learned a dozen Russian words. In Russia, Isadora's career was not asked, because the Soviet authorities did not provide the field of activity for which she was counting. The spouses registered the marriage and took the common surname of Duncan-Yesenin. After the wedding Yesenin and his wife traveled a lot around Europe, visited France, Germany, Canada, Italy, Belgium, the USA. Duncan did her best to create a PR for her husband: she arranged translations of his poems and their publication, arranged poetry evenings, but abroad he was recognized only as an appendix to a famous dancer. The poet yearned, felt himself unclaimed, useless to anyone, he began to feel depressed. Yesenin began to drink, between the spouses there were frequent heartbreaking quarrels with care and subsequent reconciliation. Over time, Yesenin's attitude towards his wife, in which he had already seen not an ideal, but an ordinary aging woman, has changed. He also got drunk, occasionally pounded Isadora, complained to friends that she was sticking to him and would not fall off. The couple broke up in 1923, Esenin returned to Moscow.

The last years of Yesenin's work

In the future, the poet criticizes Soviet power very much (The Country of Scoundrels, 1925). After this, the poet's poem begins, accusing him of fights and drunkenness. The last two years of life were spent in regular traveling; Sergei Yesenin is a Russian poet, hiding from judicial persecution, made three trips to the Caucasus, traveled to Leningrad and constantly visited Konstantinovo, never interrupting communications with him. In this period the works "Poem about 26", "Persian motifs", "Anna Snegina", "Dissolved the golden grove" are published. In verse, the main place is still occupied by the theme of the motherland, which now acquires the shades of drama. This period of poetry is increasingly marked by autumn landscapes, motives for drawing conclusions and farewells.

Good-bye, my friend, good-bye ...

In the fall of 1925, the poet, trying to re-start his family life, combined with his marriage to Sofya Andreevna - the granddaughter of Leo Tolstoy. But this union was not happy. The life of Sergei Yesenin slipped under the yoke: alcohol dependence, depression, pressure of the leading circles caused the fact that his wife placed the poet in a psychoneurological hospital. This was known only to a narrow circle of people, but there were well-wishers who helped establish a 24-hour observation of the clinic. The Chekists began to demand from PBGannushkin - the professor of this clinic - issuing Yesenin. The latter refused, and Yesenin, having waited a convenient moment, interrupted the course of treatment and left the psychoneurological institution in a crowd of visitors and left for Leningrad.

December 14 finished work on the poem "Black Man", which he spent 2 years. The work was published after the poet's death. On December 27, from the pen of Sergei Yesenin, his final work "Good-bye, my friend, good-bye" was published. The life and work of Sergei Yesenin came to an end, terrible and incomprehensible. There was no Russian poet, whose body was found hanged in the Angleterre Hotel on the night of December 28, 1925.

On the birthday of Sergei Esenin to honor his memory gather in all parts of Russia, but the most large-scale events take place in his native Konstantinov, where thousands of admirers of the poet's poetry come from all over the world.