Septic for a private house with their own hands. Septic for a private house with your own hands without pumping out

In the process of sanitation, many owners prefer to install a septic tank for a private house with their own hands. The scheme of the drainage system is relatively simple. However, there are a number of nuances that need to be known. Next, we'll figure out how to make a septic tank for a private house with your own hands.

General information

A septic tank for a private house is one or more tanks in which sewage drains are cleaned. A homemade system, of course, will cost several times cheaper than installing a finished design by a manufacturer or a company engaged directly in installation. The owner of suburban real estate can install a storage hermetic capacity. A septic tank for a private house can be equipped with a filtering field, in which a full-fledged treatment of domestic sewage will be carried out, followed by their absorption by the soil.

Features of tanks

In accordance with the previous understanding, a septic tank for a private house is a storage capacity for storage of waste water and their subsequent disposal by a sewage machine. The design of modern systems allows to clean the sewage water, draining them into the soil, without harm to the environment. It is possible to manufacture a tank for drains from various materials. In particular, many install a septic tank for a private house with their own hands from the wheels (a photo of such a system is presented in the article).

The essence of the work

To build a septic tank for a private house with your own hands, you need to know the principle of its operation. What is the essence of the work of systems? There is one or more containers. In them from the house runoff. After this, a certain volume of insoluble compounds, settling on the bottom, is fermented. Gradually the substances dissolve in water. The clarified settled water enters the filtration onto the aeration field. Cleaning is carried out through the soil. In the process anaerobic destruction occurs due to the activity of bacteria, which are in large quantities in the upper layer of the soil. Such filtration allows to purify about 90-95% of all domestic wastewater. This construction is considered the simplest. Such a septic for a private house with their own hands is easy to make. The main task in the design is the exact calculation of the parameters of the future installation. Particular attention should be paid to the issue of system performance. It will largely depend on the volume that capacity has.

Installation Dimensions

Making a septic tank for a private house with their own hands without pumping, it is necessary to take into account the average volume of drains formed during the life of the inhabitants of the dwelling within 3 days. There is no need to consider stations for deep cleaning, in which the calculation is carried out for a day. To obtain the volume, width, depth and other parameters, average data should be used. In particular, a person leaves about 200 liters of sewage a day. This amount includes liquid waste from the kitchen, toilet, bathroom. As a result, about 200 liters leave. As was said above, the calculation is made for three days: 200 x 3 = 600 liters. So approximately should be the volume of installation per person. Further, the value is multiplied by the number of people living. If the value is not an integer, then it is better to round it up. The amount of waste can be estimated from the meter.

Design

Before constructing a septic tank for a private house with your own hands from wheels or other material, it is advisable to draw a drawing. For a basis it is possible to take a simple design. Subsequently, with minor amendments, it is possible to produce a septic tank for a private house with your own hands, taking into account the parameters for a particular family. The design includes the camera itself. You can make a septic tank for a private house with your own hands from concrete rings or eurocubes. The container can also be a foundation pit, the walls of which are lined with some material. In particular, some owners are constructing a septic tank for a private house with their own hands made of bricks. The structure should also be provided with an aeration field. Here, the sewage filtration will be carried out. The installation can include two or three cameras. The latter option has proved to be the most effective solution to the issue of sewerage system arrangement.

Material

It must comply with existing security requirements, be strong, durable, reliable. The material must effectively cope with the tasks. You can make a septic tank for a private house with your own hands from used containers. Also, the building uses a variety of building materials.

How to arrange a septic tank for a private house with your own hands from the rings?

The depth of excavation in this case, as a rule, is not more than four meters. This is especially important in the event that a septic tank is built up for a private house with a high groundwater level. The design should be at the optimum depth. For the construction will require 4-5 concrete rings of standard size. Their height is just over a meter. The diameter of the rings can be different - in the range of 700-2000 mm. When calculating the future design, the parameters of the elements are taken into account. Each ring has a weight of 600 and more kilograms. Installation may require a crane. You can cope with the work and without the involvement of technology. Rolling the rings alone, however, is problematic. In any case, additional hands will be required. The first ring is installed on the end of the site where the septic tank will be located, and begin to dig. The work should be done very carefully. It is better that at least one more person is at hand. After the upper end is equal to the ground, a second ring is installed. The excavation continues. To the rings are not parted, they are connected with the armature. It is welded from the inside to the elements. Special retaining spacers can also be provided. They will prevent the elements from moving. After the excavation is dug, all the seams between the rings are sealed with cement mortar. It is necessary to provide reliable protection against their penetration into the well. The bottom is cemented and covered with waterproofing material. It is also paved on the walls of the tank. You can leave one well. It will be a storage capacity. Periodically you will need to pump out the drains. It is possible to complicate the construction and equip the leads on the filtration field.

Capacity from eurocubes

This design is simpler than described above. Today, you can easily buy bottles in specialized stores. Eurocube is a large hermetic container. It is excellent for a septic tank. In it, you only need to do ventilation outlets for a future treatment plant. When creating a two-chamber septic tank, it is also necessary to equip the overflow. After that, the containers are connected with reinforcement and installed in a dug previously excavated. Such homemade plants should be periodically cleaned of accumulated sediment. Complete filtration will be carried out in case of additional withdrawal of the clarified flow to the aeration field.

Installation Location

With the arrangement of the system it is important to accurately maintain the distance between the drainage field, the capacity and other objects. As it was said above, it is necessary to take into account the level and movement of groundwater in the presence of a well or a well on the site. The capacity itself can be located near the building. Provided that the septic tank is sealed, it is sufficient to withstand a distance of 5 meters. If a system with an aeration field is installed, then more stringent requirements must be met here. In particular, the septic tank is installed no closer than 30 meters from the open reservoir, 50 - from the source of water supply. Also, the container should be kept as far as possible from the most residential building in order to avoid the destruction of the foundation under the influence of high humidity from the soil. In general, septic tanks are positioned so as to minimize the costs of laying pipes and reduce the likelihood of violation of established norms during operation.

Installation

Usually it boils down to a complex of earthworks. In particular, digging trenches and pits is carried out. It should take into account the characteristics of the soil, its quality characteristics, the level of groundwater. All these moments in the future can have a big impact on the quality of wastewater treatment. For example, if a self-contained septic tank is built for a private house with a high groundwater level, it will act only as a storage tank. Arrangement of the aeration field in this case is ineffective, unless additional backfilling is done. It will act as a filtering layer. It should be noted that the backfill will be effective in the construction of a septic tank in clay. The only thing - you need to take care of the storage intermediate well and pump. The backfill is made of gravel and sand. The height of the layer is 500-1000 mm (the more, the better). Inside it drain pipes are laid. On the top of the field is laid the soil. Such a "mountain" can become not only an aeration field, but also an element of the landscape. On this site you can plant ornamental plants. This option is considered optimal for the construction of a septic tank in a swampy area.

Cost of self-made installation

On average, the cumulative price of materials used in the construction of the system is much lower than that of the finished septic tanks from the manufacturer. For example, the eurocube can be purchased for 3000 rubles / piece, reinforced concrete ring (depending on the size) - for 1000-3000 rubles / piece. The cost of the hydro- and heat-insulating material is calculated separately.

Septic tank without pumping out

This installation will not require so much labor and material costs. The cost will be even less than that of a sealed container. For the construction of a septic tank without pumping, a two-chamber tank with a drainage bottom and strong walls is necessary. At the first stage, a pit is being prepared. After it is dug, it is necessary to equip the formwork inside the perimeter. For it, inch boards are used. You can use unedged or used wood, since it will only be needed for the time of pouring the sand and cement mortar. On the marked line dividing the chambers, two-sided formwork should be installed. In the resulting septum, an iron or plastic tee is installed. Its diameter is 100 mm. The upper edge of the tee should be located lower than the lower edge of the drain pipe by 20-50 mm. During the construction it is necessary to take into account that the partition should be recessed to separate the drainage areas of the 1 and 2 chambers. The depth is greater the better the properties of the soil. Otherwise, it will simply be a one-chamber installation with a partition inside. Separation of the drainage area can be achieved by preliminary digging a trench, the depth of which is 20-30 cm. It is also possible to put double sheets of wave or flat slate before the partition.

Wall Filling

It is carried out by layers. From below the formwork is made in 3-4 boards and the solution is poured. It should be rammed with a wooden handle, thus eliminating the voids in the mass. Each line of formwork is poured all around the perimeter. To reduce the consumption of the mixture, stone of different sizes is added to it. The walls of the septic tank must be strong. Then several boards are added and then filled again. The mixture is also trampled by a handle. If the boards for the formwork are small, then a couple of days after pouring they are rearranged higher and continue to work.

Pipeline

Between the septic tank and the house a ditch is digging. It installs a guide box for the drain pipe. For its manufacture, a board thickness of 40-50 mm is taken. When installing the box should form a "window" in which the pipe will fit. The place of its installation can be in any convenient section of the wall in the first chamber - it will not necessarily be in the center. After that, a sand-cement mortar is poured between the soil and the formwork.