Self-powered lamp amplifier: step-by-step instructions, diagrams, materials

Lamp power amplifiers are an element of the equipment management system. These devices are currently used for acoustics. Make a model for headphones you can yourself. However, there are complex amplifiers based on output transformers. They are intended mainly for speakers of different capacities.

The important parameters of the models include the frequency, as well as the sensitivity of the equipment. Depending on the power of the power supplies, the output voltage varies. In order to understand this question in more detail, it is necessary to consider the device of a simple amplifier.

Amplifier circuit

A simple tube amplifier consists of a capacitor, a power supply and resistors. Transistors in devices are often used in an orthogonal type. Directly the lamps are applied at 6 watts. Regulators for models are selected both button and pivot type. Modulators in amplifiers are mostly pulsed, but code modifications also exist. To increase the frequency of the device, elements such as arresters are used. Some models have thyristors. The output voltage they lower quite strongly. In this case, the capacitors do not experience large overloads. Cassette regulators in models of this type are rarely used.

Single-cycle models

A single-ended tube amplifier is used for speakers whose power does not exceed 20 watts. In this case, the transformers are usually applied to the output type. Condensers are often used field devices. At the same time, lamps can be easily selected for 15 watts. The sensitivity of such devices is strongly dependent on the resistors. As a rule, they are installed on an unidirectional tube amplifier at the beginning of the circuit in an orthogonal type.

Thyristors in such models are never used. This is due to the fact that the resistance in the circuit is quite variable. It is also important to note that the voltage should be controlled by the controller. The acoustics for a tube amplifier are connected via a two-wire port. The modulator is most often used in contact models. On the average, the negative resistance parameter is at the level of 50 Ohm. It is also important to note that sensitivity is greatly reduced in amplifiers using copper conductors.

Two-stroke modifications

It is very difficult to make a push-pull tube amplifier with your own hands. Step-by-step instructions in this regard will be very useful. For assembly, the transformer will need an output type. Resistors for two-stroke tube amplifiers are easiest to install single-pole. At the input of the capacitors it will take two. Negative resistance in the circuit, they must at least withstand 60 ohms. In this case, the sensitivity of the instruments can reach up to 3 microns.

To minimize malfunctions in modulators, trimming resistors are used. At the output of the system, conventional field capacitors are installed. Power supplies for two-stroke tube amplifiers are suitable even in 30 V. Cassette regulators in such devices are almost never used. The parameter of the input voltage in the amplifiers is on the average 15 V. The amplitude of the oscillations in this case depends on the frequency of the signal.

Hybrid modifications

Hybrid tube amplifiers are a set of output transformers and half-duplex resistors. In order to assemble the model yourself, a 40 V power supply is required. Immediately at the input of the circuit, orthogonal type resistors are used. The negative resistance they must withstand at 55 ohms. In this case, the thyristors are better to be installed behind the output transformer.

Lamps are soldered in a sequential order. The frequency of the model depends on the amplitude of the magnetic oscillations. The parameter of the output voltage in the devices can easily be adjusted by means of a controller. After installing the orthogonal resistors on tube amplifiers, a power supply unit is installed. In this case, the throttle must be directly connected to the controller. The acoustics for a tube amplifier must be connected via a two-wire port. At the last stage of the assembly, check the output voltage of the transformer. For normal operation of the system, this indicator should not exceed 15 V.

Features of low-frequency modifications

It is quite difficult to make a low-frequency tube amplifier with your own hands. A step-by-step instruction can greatly help. Many experts start recommending with the installation of a transformer. In this case, the resistors will need a field type. Conductivity is good for them, and they can last a long time. At the input of the circuit, it is important to solder the capacitor. In this case, the model of the orthogonal type will work well. In the next step, it is more appropriate to do the controller directly to adjust the device.

In some cases, it is selected a turning type. Minimum frequency should be set at 500 Hz. Lamps in this case are soldered in a sequential order. It is better to use a coaxial cable to connect the transformer to the controller. To check the equipment, the output voltage parameter is measured first. In this case, it is important to consider the power of the power supply. Most often, it is selected for 20 V. In this situation, the negative resistance parameter should not exceed 45 ohms.

High-frequency models

High-frequency tube power amplifiers belong to the class of push-pull modifications. The difference is in the presence of power transformers. All this is necessary to increase the conductivity of the signal. Parameter of the maximum frequency of devices can reach up to 500 Hz. In this situation, it is more expedient to start the assembly of the model from the installation of the transformer.

The panel for this can be selected wooden. In this case, the controller must be installed on the lining. In this case, the output voltage can always be checked with a tester. The block is directly used in the 30 V circuit. In this situation, the transistors are soldered to the beam transistors. Negative resistance in the system, they must withstand at least 43 ohms. All this will allow to regulate the frequency of equipment without problems.

Lamps in this case are soldered in a sequential order. Condensers are used both orthogonal and capacitive type. In this situation, much depends on the type of controller. If we consider button modifications, then we can not do without a thyristor. With rotary controls, you can use a conventional modulator.

Models with resistive load

It is very difficult to make this type of tube amplifier with your own hands. Step-by-step instructions in this regard will be very useful. Many experts advise to fold the amplifier based on electrolytic capacitors. It is important to start the assembly of the model from the installation of the transformer. Lamps in this case are soldered in a sequential order.

Resistors in the models use the beam type. However, at the input of the circuit, orthogonal analogs are established. Zener diodes in this situation are used if the power supply is available at 30 V. Otherwise, the modulator is able to handle the overloads in the network. The controller is connected to the amplifier behind the transformer. To increase the sensitivity of the model, comparators are used. Minimum frequency of the element must be 300 Hz. In turn, the negative resistance should not exceed 50 ohms.

Amplifiers with resonant load

Models of this type are very common today. A transformer for a tube amplifier needs to be selected by a power amplifier. It should also be taken into account that the controllers should only be used as a cassette type. Directly modulators are installed with expanders. All this gives a significant increase in the conductivity of the signal.

The sensitivity of the model in the amplifiers depends on the types of resistors. If we talk about the power supply for 20 V, then it should be selected orthogonal type. Otherwise, preference can be safely given to single-contact analogs. At the same time, field resistors will not be able to provide high frequency. The oscillations in the network can be controlled most easily through thyristors. In this case, the output voltage in the system should not exceed 15 V.

Model on the step-down transformer

On a step-down transformer, it's rather difficult to make a tube amplifier yourself. A step-by-step instruction can greatly help. It is best in this situation for the amplifier to use orthogonal resistors. However, the assembly of the model is important to begin with the installation of the power supply. Then the lamp should be connected to the panel. In this case capacitors can be used capacitively. The negative resistance they must keep at 33 ohms. All this will allow to stabilize the frequency at small overloads. Thyristors are very rarely used in circuits of this type. However, if we talk about high-frequency models, then they will be appropriate.

Use of power transformers

You can create an amplifier with a power transformer only if you find a good comparator. Also, in this situation, you can not do without trimming resistors. It is recommended to start the assembly of the model from the panel. Lamps should be installed in sequential order. The power supply in this situation must be connected directly to the throttle.

The negative resistance in the circuit should not exceed 55 ohms. In this case, the output voltage depends on the power of the power supply unit. Modulators in such devices are available with switches. All this allows you to quickly reduce the frequency, when the load on the capacitors increases dramatically. Beam transistors in the models must be installed behind the transformer. In this case, the comparator is soldered at the beginning of the circuit.

Application of pulse transformers

To make an amplifier with a pulse transformer, the panel is first prepared. The easiest way to pick it up is plastic. Lamps in this situation must be connected in a sequential order. The transformer must be located on the lining. In this case, the capacitor at the beginning of the circuit will require a capacitive type. Power supplies for models are selected at 30 V. All this, in the long run, ensures good conductivity of the signal. An integral part of the amplifier is the modulator.

It is not necessary to install it behind a pulse transformer. In this case, the load on the capacitors will be large. To avoid faults in the circuit, a thyristor should be used to reduce sensitivity. He must withstand a negative resistance of 35 ohms. Transistors in the system are installed behind the transformer. Directly modulators can use code. In shops, they are most often sold with the marking PP20. A distinctive feature is the presence of a broadband head. Thus, it is more smooth to regulate the frequency of the device.

Headphone model

For computer headphones, capacitors can be used electrolytically. In this case, high sensitivity from the model is not required. To suppress interference in systems, various thyristors are used. Modulators are more appropriate to use a tuning type. The output voltage in the circuit must not exceed 12 V.

In order to adjust the frequency of the amplifier, compact controllers are soldered. In this case, the lamps should be installed in a sequential order. The power supply is connected via a choke. Duplex resistors in such circuits are used very rarely.

Guitar Amplifier

A set for a tube amplifier should be selected only in specialized radio shops. In the first place, ray transistors will be required. In this case, the modulator is important to install on the panel. Capacitors are used in small capacity. Particular attention during assembly should be given to the selection of the controller. Two-contact models for such systems are ideal. However, it is better not to consider devices with comparators.

In the last turn, the power supply is fixed directly. The bandwidth of such systems, as a rule, is low. However, it should be borne in mind that problems with hypersensitivity occur quite often. This happens in most cases because of the condensers burnout. Solving the problem can be very simple by installing an auxiliary fuse.

Amplifier on transistors 2SA872

A self - made tube amplifier with transistors of this type is capable of producing an average frequency of 550 Hz on average. In order to assemble the model, a conventional power transformer is quite suitable. Capacitors in this case can be used orthogonal. Directly at the beginning of the circuit, resistors are used with low resistance.

Due to this, sudden jumps in the system are rare. The modulator must be installed behind the transformer. Lining in this situation is necessary to use. The power of the tube amplifier must be powered through a 20 V power supply.

To increase the output voltage, a comparator is used. Most often, it is selected network type. On the average, the negative resistance is capable of holding at a level of 45 ohms. After installing the comparator, you can screw the lamps. In order that there is no feedback effect, it is better to use electrolytic capacitors.