Sections of philosophy and their features

Philosophy is a discipline that studies the fundamental laws and principles of reality. It is aimed at understanding the main issues of life, determining the nature of the relationship between man and the world. The essence of philosophy is to answer the question: why? Despite the fact that this science is engaged in the study of theoretical issues, its practical importance is also important, because the answers found make it possible to better understand the surrounding reality.

Main sections of philosophy

There are so many sections of philosophy (the number exceeds 50 units), they differ, above all, the subject of study. Thus, the philosophy of anthropology provides answers to questions about a person: his role in the world, the origin, self-consciousness and many others. Religious studies the issues of religions: the essence of God, the notions of him, the nature of beliefs is considered, etc.

Initially, the sections of philosophy can be divided into groups: general philosophical, philosophy of means of cognition, theoretical and practical.

So, there are the following main sections of this science:

• ethics;
• aesthetics;
• Social, political and religious philosophy;
• ontology;
• logics;
• metaphysics;
• axiology.

Sections of philosophy dedicated to man and his activities

Anthropology. This section is devoted to the study of the nature and essence of man, his relationship to God, nature, role in society, life and death and other phenomena. One of the founders of the German direction of the 20th century, Max Scheler himself noted in his writings that it is impossible to know a person, because it is wide. Nevertheless, philosophical studies of man are still being carried out, they are still aimed at understanding two basic principles: the life impulse and spirit.

Social philosophy. Here the subject of study is society, as well as the attitude of man to it. The subject of study here brings philosophy closer to theoretical sociology, but their difference is that philosophy performs a critical function, and sociology determines the patterns.

Political philosophy. This section is devoted to the study of political ideas, values and essence of this phenomenon. Here, too, criteria are developed for assessing them, as well as analyzing the relationship between the state, society and a single person.

Religious philosophy. This direction explores the connection between the Supreme Principle and the existent. This section, in contrast to theology, is engaged in an evidentiary justification.

Sections of philosophy about being

Metaphysics. This is one of the most important sections of philosophy, since it is devoted to its main issues relating to being. Here the original nature of the world and reality is studied. Even in ancient times, when philosophy was born, metaphysics was given the main significance. Proceeding from this, three branches are distinguished: ancient, classical and modern.

Ontology. This section does not at first sight differ from metaphysics, but there is a significant difference between them: ontology, philosophical thought is devoted to the principles of being and categories of existence.

Sections of philosophy devoted to thinking and perception

Axiology. In this section, we study values and develop a theory about them. For the first time, Socrates began talking about this, whose reflections, mainly, were aimed at understanding the question: what is good?

Ethics. The main subjects of the study of ethics are morality and morality. They consider the nature of these concepts, types and features, and also study their changes and role in society. Much attention is paid to the study of the criteria of good and evil, the meaning of life, justice and due.

Aesthetics. This section is devoted to the doctrine of the essence of the beautiful and its forms in life, nature and artistic creation. In general, the object of aesthetics is art and its expressive form.

Logics. This science is about the thinking of man, his methods, laws and forms. The subject of the section is intellectual cognitive activity, the laws of which are studied by this discipline.

Sections of philosophy are not limited to the above: those that are presented here are the most generalized.