Roof boiler room in an apartment house: SNiP, requirements, testimonials. Autonomous Roof Boiler House

Traditional schemes for the organization of heating infrastructure are not uncontested. New technological approaches to the construction of communications are characterized by energy efficiency and the possibility of ensuring autonomy. According to such principles, in particular, the roof boiler room is realized. In an apartment house, it allows optimizing heat losses, increasing energy savings by 25-30%. Of course, there are drawbacks to this solution, which are expressed in the complexities of technical execution, and in the stringent requirements of regulatory rules.

The concept of an autonomous roof boiler room

Roof heating system is organized in the appropriate technical room, located on the uppermost or one of the upper floors. Often, for such purposes, special rooms and household units are built, designed specifically for the needs of the location of heating equipment. From the boiler room throughout the house are distributed communication circuits, heating apartments. These can be the same pipelines as in the case of traditional DHW. Another thing is that the length of these lines will be less. Since the autonomous roof-top boiler-house is not tied to the backbone supply network, its management is completely centered in the building itself, which facilitates maintenance. But this does not exclude the need to connect to centralized sources of fuel or electricity. The nature of the performance of this part will depend on the type of equipment, performance and other performance characteristics.

Types of Roof Boilers

There are several classifications of roof boiler rooms, determined by the principle of operation, and technical and structural features. First and foremost, it is necessary to emphasize the popularity of gas equipment, an alternative to which is only electric boiler models. The use of gas is economical and easy to maintain. As for electric units, they, on the contrary, are characterized by high cost, but at the same time relieve the need for gas pipeline connection. There is also a nuance of security. The fact is that the roof gas boiler house in an apartment building should be carefully guarded by security systems, usually automatic and presupposing the possibility of self-diagnostics by means of sensors. Solid fuel boilers used on the upper floors are irrational due to technical difficulties with the organization of delivery of coal and firewood. Another sign of separation implies classification into integrated and block-modular boiler houses. These two types should be considered separately.

Built-in boilers

The main distinguishing feature of the built-in or stationary boiler house is the technical and structural conformity to the building itself. That is, the premise with its components is similar to the building structures that form the house itself. If the building is made of panels or bricks, then the room for the boiler house is also made in the same way. In a sense, this is the very technical room, only oriented specifically for the needs of heating. Another sign may be the fact that the project of the house itself, in which an autonomous roof boiler room is installed, provided for this possibility. This could be manifested in the calculation of the bearing capacity of walls, in the selection of insulating materials, and in the creation of circuits for the same gasification. Not to mention the fact that the designers could deliberately refuse to introduce the pipeline into the walls for various reasons and bet on the strengthening of the upper floor.

Block-modular boiler-houses

This is a type of lightweight boiler house that does not belong to the capital technical facilities. The block-modular design consists of thin metal panels, which are further strengthened by profile elements, technological ribs and corners. From the inside, the modular roof boiler room is carefully finished with steam, heat and waterproofing materials with the presence of an anti-fire layer. For the withdrawal of combustion products, the chimney is integrated, which also has a lightweight construction.

The advantages of block-modular facilities include ease of construction, versatility in operation and the possibility of rapid dismantling. Initially, materials for such premises are supplied in the form of kits that have everything necessary for the functioning of the heating system. If a roof boiler room is required in an apartment building, the project of which was not designed for construction on the top floor, the modular option will be optimal.

Normative requirements of SNiP to design

Regardless of the choice of the type of boiler house design, the developers of its project must rely on the requirements of SNiP. For this purpose, a whole section of rules II-35-76 is provided, which covers general design standards for boiler houses, as well as an addendum P 1-03, devoted specifically to roof structures. The technical solution must, in particular, observe the following rules:

• Walls and engineering structures should not be directly interfaced with the walls of living quarters.
• In multi-storey buildings, the construction of roof boiler houses should not be carried out on the floors of residential premises.
• The control system should provide for autonomous alarm.
• The height of the chimneys is not less than 50 cm from the highest point of the building.

Also, without fail, technical rooms reserved for boiler rooms must initially have ventilation. This already applies to fire safety measures, when it comes to the operation of gas equipment.

SNiP requirements for equipment capacity

The operation of thermal units in residential buildings as such implies the observance of stringent restrictions. And especially this applies to the objects placed on the roofs. In particular, the roof boiler house in a multi-apartment building can not contain heating stations with a total capacity of about 3 mW. In addition, even if the capacity is less than the above value, another limiting bar must be taken into account, which relates to the total heat demand of the building. Equipment should not work on facilities that are 15% higher than the demands of all consumers at home in aggregate.

There are restrictions imposed by the construction of the premises. Inside the process unit, the equipment must be located at a point providing free access to the operator to all functional parts. At the same time, the construction of roof boiler houses should not affect the design of the house itself. That is, the project should not assume a change in the structure of the roof cake. In extreme cases, it is allowed to lay additional technological layers of the insulator.

Requirements for gas supply

Separately, there is a set of rules (JV), aimed at ensuring safety rules for the operation of gas communications. In operating mode, the gas supply circuit must not experience a pressure load greater than 5 kPa. As it is noted in the same joint venture, roof boiler houses should be supplied with gas only from the contour, drawn along the outer wall and not having additional frames. That is, the gas pipeline for the heating system is purposefully oriented only to the needs of the boiler equipment.

In some cases it is allowed to lay a gas pipeline on the roof, it is implemented only in the open without protection by grilles and other structures that prevent access to the pipe. Also, a roofed gas boiler house in a multi-apartment building is supplied with a full set of technological accessories. This is a shut-off valve, and purge channels, and leakage sensors.

Requirements for the electrification of boiler houses

The electrotechnical infrastructure is applied not only to boilers working on electric power, but also to gas units. In the first case, developers should provide a class of energy protection of the second level. It should be fitted with heating equipment, piping elements and adjacent communications. Regardless of the type of fuel used, the roof-top boiler house of a residential building should be provided with lightning protection and provide for grounding. Lighting is provided by hermetic lamps, the body of which has a metal mesh.

Positive feedback on the boiler room

Most of the positive feedback on boiler-houses of this type is based on optimization. The lack of additional communication channels, a reduction in the cost of building individual buildings and, as a result, simplification of maintenance - all this undoubtedly creates only a positive impression. In addition, the roof-top boiler house of the residential building provides significant savings in energy costs already in use. In most cases, this aspect becomes the decisive factor in favor of such a choice.

Negative feedback

Organizations that have experience working with roof boiler rooms, note the complexity of design, due to stringent restrictions. First of all, this is due to the structural and power frames, in which the roof boiler room in a multi-apartment building should be equipped. The reviews point to the fact that traditional land-based facilities can be constructed on the basis of equipment of almost any capacity. Roof heating stations, in turn, do not allow the use of even traditional solid fuel assemblies.

Another group of shortcomings is associated with high requirements for safeguard measures. For example, a roof boiler in an apartment building should have a modern automatic control system and a wide range of devices that are activated when fixing emergency operation modes.

Conclusion

For a number of parameters and operational characteristics, it can be concluded that the roof method of placing heating equipment is the most promising. Moreover, the shortcomings of this solution are now resolved by modern technologies - this concerns both compact dimensions and the introduction of automation. The only significant obstacle for organizations that are not available is a roofed gas boiler house in a block of flats - a price that on average is 2-3 million rubles. This is the cost of a modular unit with a typical boiler. To the same it is necessary to add and payment of services of designers, installers and adjusters, as a result of which the price tag will rise by about 1 million more.