This century is characterized by a change not only in the views on painting and culture. As is known, the culture is greatly influenced by the political and economic situation in the world. Depending on what topics are relevant in society, works of art are also being created . Painting of the 19th century was formed on the basis of international events. At the end of the 18th century, feudalism began to recede into the past, and a progressive social order -the bourgeoisie-came to replace it. And, accordingly, brought with it a new caste of the population - the bourgeois. Their likeness in the modern world is private entrepreneurs. In such conditions, European painting of the 19th century was formed.
Genres and leading motives of European painting of the 19th century
As a result of the change in the social system, the views on art have also changed significantly. Painting of the 19th century is more prone to romance. Images of children, carelessly playing on the lawn or happily eating delicious, became the main ones, depicted in the paintings of the then painters. The world was perceived as an ideal creation, and childhood as a carefree time. Serene and gay children in the view of the painters were equated with the most beautiful phenomenon in the world. Their fun, happy smiles and adventurous games were depicted in the pictures most often. An important place in the thoughts of painters was occupied with the process of raising children. Artists perceived the process of education as the most noble cause on earth, as the new man was prepared for life, instilled in him noble qualities, taught the notion of beauty, to differentiate between the concepts of the beautiful and the ugly. In such an optimistic, carefree and harmonious light, French painting of the 19th century lived. But closer to the 20th century in the work of artists began to manifest more realistic motives. The unreal world of beauty, love and harmony has become a thing of the past, the actual picture of real children's everyday life from poor families became actual. Terrifying pictures of children's suffering due to lacks, malnutrition became the leading motives in the work of European and French artists. During this period portraits were portrayed mainly, the main purpose of which was to convey not only the external features of a person, but also to show his character, portraying the person portrayed inseparably with the era in which he lives. Representatives: Louis David, Madaras, Brojig, Matejka, Francisco Goya, Dominique Ingres, Eugene Delacroix, Honore Daumier, Francois Millet.
Russian painting of the 19th century
Painting of the 19th century in Russia was in step with the European one. Romanticism prevailed in the fine arts. The desire for excellence, as a result of the disappointment of the French Revolution of the late 18th century, resulted in romantic and ideal motifs in Russian painting. Unrealistic ideas about the ideal world, its improvement, was depicted in the pictures of that time. During the development of the theme of the ideal world, its truth was often depicted. Hard working people, household problems, dirty and hungry children repeatedly visited the canvases of artists. Representatives: VA Tropinin, KP Bryullov, A. A, Ivanov, AG Venetsianov, PA Fedotov, GG Myasoedov, VG Perov. Painting of the 19th century was supplemented with another masterpiece from the treasury of Russian artists. For sure, everyone knows the work of KP Bryullov about the buried city during the eruption of the volcano in 79 BC. E. "The last day of Pompeii".