Reserve Poronaisky: climate, flora and fauna

The state nature reserve Poronaisky, the area of which is 56.7 hectares, is located on the eastern side of Sakhalin Island, in the Poronaisky district. The boundaries of the reserve, founded in 1988, stretched 300 km along the water and 60 km overland. The main goal of its creation is the preservation of the natural landscapes typical for Sakhalin.

The scientific activity, which is conducted in the reserve, is focused on the preservation of mountain, taiga and marsh ecological systems of Sakhalin Island. And in addition, the protection of wintering and migratory birds.

To preserve nature around the state reserve, a security zone has been established, on which fishing, tree cutting, the use of chemicals, and tourist activities are prohibited.

Climate

During the year, the reserve reserves approximately 700 mm of precipitation. The period without frost lasts an average of about 130 days. At 80% or higher, air humidity is maintained. The Poronaisky reserve in the Sakhalin region has flat, wetlands. The direction of the wind is influenced by the landscape. In winter, the northern winds predominate in the valley of the Poronai River. On the coast, the stream of wind changes its direction. Storms and snowstorms are possible. During the winter months, a significant amount of precipitation falls on the territory of the Poronaisky Reserve.

The height of the snow cover during the winter period reaches on the average 600 mm and more. With the beginning of spring from the Pacific Ocean, the invasion of air masses, carrying the wind of the south and south-east direction, begins.

The temperature rises very slowly. Characteristic changes in heat and cold. In early April, a damp, cold, protracted spring begins.

The snow completely disappears in May. As the summer approaches, clouds and precipitation increase. The summer is rainy, cool, with frequent fogs and strong winds, typhoons.

Fall clouds decrease, the period of fog and rain ends. The wind changes course to the north-west. In the autumn, berries, mushrooms ripen. At the end of September, the first frosts are possible. In October, the first snow begins to appear. Since November in the east of Sakhalin, cyclones have been observed with warm and humid air masses coming from the Sea of Okhotsk. They carry with them snowstorms, at which the wind speed is 50 m / sec.

Water element

The Poronaisky reserve consists of the Nevsky and Vladimirsky plots. Its area also captures the Terpenia Peninsula, located in the east of Sakhalin, which has 20 beautiful lakes of lagoon origin. In summer, spring, autumn, the water level in them increases due to rainwater runoff. Some of the lakes are connected to the sea bays, because of this the water in them is brackish. A lot of rivers, passing into waterfalls, give the peninsula indescribable beauty.

In the reserve Poronaisky mountain rivers predominate. The distribution of marshes is facilitated by the proximity of groundwater, a large amount of precipitation, poor filtration properties of soils, high floods of rivers. Prior to the mineral soil, swamps freeze in December, and thawing occurs only in July.

Vegetation

Most of the Poronaisky reserve is covered with taiga, and the remaining areas are covered with mountain tundra. And only a few coastal parts are strewn with oceanic moons. In general, the nature reserve recorded about 400 species of higher plants, 100 mosses and lichens. In the Red Book of Russia 17 rare plants are introduced, for example, Venin shoe, as well as 2 species of lichens and fungi.

Dark coniferous forests are predominantly Sayan spruce, Sakhalin fir. The forest part is dominated by taiga and broadleaf species.

Plants on the peninsula of Terpenia are mainly from forest-forming species: larch, fir. The abundance of forest berries: blueberries, blueberries, cranberries.

Fauna

The animal world is diverse. Mouse rodents are represented by the largest number of individuals.

Nest and dwell on the rocks:

• Belobryshka;
• Black-tailed seagull.

White-tailed eagle, white and pink gull (it is also called the "northern pearl"), the Sakhalin musk deer are protected by the state.

The Poronaisky Reserve is inhabited by more than 200 different species of animals. There is sable, reindeer, bear.

Forest fauna: hares, chipmunks, voles, flying squirrels. Artiodactyls: reindeer and Sakhalin musk deer.

Interesting places

The bird market, on which the Mandarin nests, the peregrine falcon, is located on the cape of Terpenia. More than one hundred thousand birds can be observed at the cape.

In 15 km from the reserve there is a natural monument - the island of Tyuleni. On it extends the rookery of the northern fur seal, seals. In the summer you can see thousands of these animals.

Ecological and cognitive tourism is developed in the reserve. This kind of tourism makes it possible to observe nature, wildlife, trace interconnections in ecosystems, without exerting a detrimental effect on all this wealth. Zelenomoshnye thick dark coniferous forests, swamps and green meadows, mixing with each other, make the northwest part of the reserve an unusually picturesque place.