Raised roof hinged system: scheme, calculation, drawing

When building any modern building one of the main factors is the aesthetic appearance. As nothing else on the overall appearance of the structure affects the type and design of the roof. But the function of the roof is much wider than just decoration. The roof protects the house from moisture penetration and preserves heat. There are a large number of types of roofs and truss systems.

The roof hinged roof system is very popular with owners of private houses. The scheme by which the roofs of this type are built, allows for high reliability, durability and versatility. These three factors are an indicator of good roofing.

Selection of material for the rafter system

Before the assembly of the structure begins, it is necessary to pay attention to the quality of the raw materials used, which will be used for the manufacture of the main load-bearing elements, since all the weight load will be concentrated on them. In residential houses it is preferable to use first grade wood, in barns, huts and other household buildings the second and third grade will suit.

Billets with defects (knots, cracks) are better to postpone for stock or not to use at all.

According to GOST, 3 healthy knots per one running meter are allowed. The presence of small surface cracks is permissible if their number is small.

Wooden supporting elements should be at least 5 cm thick, with a maximum length of 6.5 m. If the lengths of the materials are not sufficient, they can be joined with special grooves or with linings.

Features of the hip roof

If the roofing project assumes the presence of two large trapezoidal skates and two short ones - this is a hip roof system, the drawing will help to better understand all the nuances.

The rafter structure of this type includes several types of rafters: central, diagonal and angular. It is necessary to take into account the climatic features before the rafting system of the hip roof begins to be erected. The scheme should take into account the strength of winds, atmospheric pressure and material for sheltering the roof. The height and angles of the roof slopes depend on these factors. For maximum accuracy of calculations, you can use a special program or contact a specialist.

Advantages of the hip roof

• This type of roof has maximum resistance to winds. This effect is achieved due to the lack of pediments, the wind slides over the surface.
• Angled rafters abut the beam of the ridge and prevent even the slightest deformation.
• Overhangs can be made to large sizes to protect the walls from rain.
• The roof has an attractive appearance and is able to decorate any building.

Types and features of hip rafters

As a variety of pitched roofs, hip roofs are divided into several types:

• Shatrovye. Roofs of this type have four equal slopes and are suitable only for square buildings.
• Broken. They consist of different rays from different angles. Installation of such structures is a rather complicated task.
• Semi-high-gravity. With this design, the hips do not reach the bottom, but only the gables cover. Thus, small skates reach half the design.

In addition to the standard types of roofs, the design of the rafter system can provide for additional design features:

• A roof hipped roof system with an attic - allows the attic to be used as a living room. This solution is very important for owners of single-storey houses. The attic allows up to 2 times the functional square meters of the house. When drawing up the layout of the structure, it is necessary to take into account the arrangement of the windows and to make sure that this does not affect the overall rigidity of the structure.
• The roof hood system with cuckoo gives the roof not only a decorative look, but also additional square meters on the attic floor. Often in such a ledge have a window, and this is an additional source of lighting. The work on creating such a "cuckoo" should be carefully, especially carefully you need to control the angle and depth of the cut.
• The roof hinged rafter system with a bay window assumes the use of additions to the main truss structure. The eraser is a protrusion from a wall in the form of a balcony or an extension of a room, often built to improve indoor lighting. If the height of such an extension is equal to the height of the building, this must be taken into account when building a roof. In the form of a bay window, you can also enter the house or the veranda.

Proportions

Measuring the rake - an indispensable thing, especially when building a rafter system of the hip roof. The scheme of using such a tool is quite simple, it is enough to map often used dimensions on a rail.

After spending 5 minutes on making, you will get rid of the need to perform measuring by roulette every time. It can be made from plywood or slats about 5 cm wide. The measuring rod will help you to maintain the maximum accuracy and the required proportions.

Manufacture of roof rafter systems

Before the manufacture of the rafter frame it is very important to look into the main elements and study the features of their installation:

• The skate is located strictly in the center of the building;

• The forming elements are rafters, one end of which is attached to the ridge, and the other goes beyond the boundaries of the structure, forming a overhang;

• The central frame comes from the ridge and opens onto the walls;

• The intermediate frame also runs from the ridge beam and departs along the slopes;

• Short rafters are used for the arrangement of additional elements and skylights.

If you understand the nuances and subtleties of the process, even if you build it yourself, you can get a quality roof hip roof system. Photos of the finished frame are given in the article.

Layout

The layout of the structure is carried out in sequence and depends on the stages of the works:

1. First of all, the axes are marked on the top of the building along the upper strapping.
2. Half the width of the ridge beam is measured and the position of the first part in the rafter system is determined.
3. The measurement rail is fitted at one end to the marked line, and the other to the line of the wall.
4. To calculate the length of the overhang, one end is placed on the outer corner of the wall, and the other is released to the overhang. The remaining elements are calculated using a measuring bar with a marked distance for intermediate rafters.
5. The same actions are performed on the other corners. So the location of the end rafters and the ridge beam is calculated.

Calculation

When a roof hinged roofing system is planned or being built, the calculation and well-designed schemes will be the main factors of a successfully completed project. If you are building yourself for calculations, you should consult a professional if this is not possible, then you will have to use a calculator for designing hip rafters.

When calculating the project, take such an indicator as the angle of slope of the skates. To calculate the distance to which the intermediate rafters will be fixed, we select one rafter as the reference point. The distance from the reference point to the corner of the house must completely coincide with its length.

Intermediate rafters are fixed in a uniform order, and the hips are fastened back to the corner.

Practical calculation

Here is an example of how the dimensions of the parts are calculated. This should be done before or during the time when a hip roof system is planned. The roof scheme is just an example, for each house only an individually designed project is suitable.

1. The horizontal distance of the inclined intermediate rafter is measured by the measuring rod. According to the table of calculations of roofs, we select the optimal angle of inclination and look at the result of the product of the obtained data.
2. We measure the length of the rafters from the ridge to the attachment point, taking into account the ledge.
3. The length of the overhang is determined by the sum of the correction factor plus the horizontal projection.

Correct cutting angles for fastening to the ridge are also calculated mathematically, tight fitting of the angle to the ridge board is a pledge of a strong construction.

Calculate the length of the angled rafter:

1. The length of the rafter is measured without taking into account the overhang.
2. The construction of the projections of ordinary rafters in a square and will be a general projection.
3. The result is multiplied by the correction factor, and the length of the angled rafter is obtained.

Sequence of installation

Beginning of the construction of the rafter system begins with the fasteners of the Mauerlat, the roofing rafter system is no exception. The features of mounting the Mauerlate are the same for all types of rafter systems:

• Lay the Mauerlatt closer to the inner side of the wall, at least 5 cm from the outer edge.
• The bar itself must be securely attached to the wall of the building.
• Mounting is done with holes and anchors.

When the Mauerlat is firmly fixed, you can proceed to the process of installing the ridge beam. It is necessary to accurately calculate its height and correctly arrange relative to all the stingrays, this is the guarantee of the longevity of the roof as a whole.

After that, we are going to fix the racks. They are fastened with the help of kakosin under the ridge beam. All these works can be called the initial stage.

After the completion of the initial proceed to the implementation of the intermediate stage, when building a four-pitched roof, we begin with the formation of side rajids. At this stage, it is important to monitor the parallel installation of narozhnikov (semi-leg) in the same plane as the skates. The final stage is the installation of jumpers and preparation for the processes of sheltering the roof. These are the main stages of the construction of the roof hipped roof system . With their hands this type of roof can be erected only with the professional drawing up of drawings and calculations.

Strengthening the structure

Usually the hip construction of the roof is reliable enough and capable of withstanding heavy loads. But in cases where the roof project assumes a small slope, the snow load will be several times greater than with a steep slope, then it is worthwhile to take care of strengthening the entire structure. Strengthening occurs at the expense of springs or trusses.

Sprengel - this bar, laid on two angles connecting at an angle. Such a bar serves as the basis for vertical racks that support rafters. This method strengthens the lower part of the structure. To strengthen the upper part, use trusses.

Conclusion

The roof is suitable for all types of houses, the main difficulty in its construction is the rafter system of the hip roof. Photos and diagrams will help to understand in detail the question to those who independently perform the installation. The main thing is to understand the technology of the process and the terms used in construction.

It is worth to carefully consider the choice of material. One defective part sooner or later will negatively affect the condition of the rafter system.

For the proper functioning of the roof, in addition to the installation of the frame, it is necessary to produce high-quality insulation, steam and waterproofing and to choose the right material for the final lining.