Psychocorrection is psychological counseling and help. Methods of psychological help

Psychocorrection is a kind of psychological help, which has as its goal the correction of the direction of emotional development or already established characteristics. This is one of the most important moments of the socialization of the individual, as well as human adaptation to change.

Specific features of psychocorrection

Psychological correction at this point in time has become not only a habitual phenomenon, but also an objective necessity. It implies a purposeful influence on human behavior, its intellectual activity, world perception and other spheres of life. A good psychologist can radically change the situation if it is a question of deviations in development or deviations in behavior.

Speaking about the purpose of psychocorrection, it is worth noting that it is to identify and eradicate any defects in the person's personal development . It is important to understand its fundamental difference from other common concepts. It is not equivalent to either counseling or psychotherapy. Correction is possible even in cases where a person does not simply not realize their problems, but refuses to do so. It is also possible to purposefully expand the world outlook of a person, his physical and mental skills.

Speaking about the main signs of psychocorrection, it is important to note its discreteness. It is understood that a psychologist can influence the deepest internal systems that function independently of each other. It is also important to understand that psychocorrection focuses on different age categories. So, the techniques that are used in working with adults will be ineffective in the case of children.

When you need psycho correction

The task of psychocorrection is determined, firstly, by the age and other features of the patient himself. It is also important to take into account the direction of work (correction of deviations, development delays and so on). So, most often psycho-correction is resorted to in such cases:

• Irritability and excitability;
• Excessive anger and intolerance of others;
• Propensity to conflicts;
• Excessive emotionality and susceptibility to external stimuli;
• Pessimistic attitude to life;
• The commission of rash acts;
• Apathy and indifference to what is happening around;
• Excessive activity or, on the contrary, passivity of behavior;
• Obsession with the same problem;
• Other deviations.

It is important to understand that not everyone is ready to openly tell a specialist about an existing problem because of its intimate or confidential nature. In this case, the work of such a service as a telephone of psychological help becomes especially relevant, with the help of which an absolutely anonymous consultation can be obtained.

The emergence and development of psycho-correction

Psychological correction in its development was four consecutive periods. The first was exclusively in the description of already known facts and new hypotheses. This was mainly about diagnosing and correcting the condition of children who lagged behind in both mental and physical development. Developed theories that implied work with worldview and cognitive processes.

At the next stage the theory took shape in a separate field of knowledge, and therefore the time of practical experiments came. Psychologists have started direct corrective work with patients. The main attention was paid to such activities as psychological diagnosis and correction of children's cognitive processes. Interest in the phenomenon of memory begins to manifest itself. Also active work with children, characterized by destructive behavior , begins .

The third stage was characterized by the unification of all previously existing ideas into a single concept that determined the signs of anomalous states. Also, the main directions for psychological correction were developed. The theory and methods of adaptation of children with anomalies in the development of hearing, speech, sight and other systems are developing.

By the fourth period, modernity can also be attributed. It is characterized by the active work of specialists. At the same time, psychological correction is no longer just a theory, but a common practice that includes the work of educators, doctors, and rehabilitation centers and other services.

Classification

A good psychologist must necessarily be familiar with a wide range of correction techniques. It is worth highlighting the following its varieties:

• In accordance with the objectives:
  • Normalization of family relations;
  • Correction through gaming techniques;
  • Neuropsychological mechanisms;
  • Stimulation and correction of personal development.
• Towards:
  • Short-term effects on the human psyche in order to eliminate acute negative symptoms;
  • Work on identifying and neutralizing the causes of psychological deviations.
• In accordance with the method of exposure:
  • Directive correction;
  • Nondirective methods of influence.
• On the organizational form:
  • General correction, which leads to optimization of perception and interaction with the environment;
  • Private psychocorrection - is the impact on certain areas of the individual;
  • Special means to solve specific narrow problems.

Where is psycho-correction applied?

Despite the complexity and delicacy of the topic, psycho-correction is a fairly common practice. It has a very wide scope. Most often this mechanism is involved in the following areas:

• Emotional development of children and adolescents (also sometimes it can be a question of working with adults);
• Correction of intellectual activity (perception and processing of information, as well as the ability to assimilate and correctly evaluate it);
• Psychological correction of adolescents who, under the influence of an unstable hormonal background, may be characterized by deviant behavior;
• Correction of a person's personal development, which involves the definition of life guides, as well as setting and achieving goals;
• Correction of behavior (this may apply to children, as well as rehabilitation of antisocial individuals);
• Work on the emotional sphere.

Methods of psychocorrection

Correction can be carried out in accordance with the following methods:

• A simple sentence involves modeling certain situations in which the patient is asked to make a decision. It should be noted that it is strictly forbidden to talk about vital situations.
• The paradoxical instruction is that the patient will be asked to simulate a situation in which he continues to behave in an unchanged manner, without making any adjustments. As a result, he must independently realize the error of his position.
• Fantasy is the formation of abstract reasoning about a real problem. The patient can ponder on its causes and possible consequences, as well as alternative ways of getting out of the situation.
• Forming a new vision of the situation provides for an expansion of the worldview. There is an opportunity to look at the problem from a new, positive, side.
• Feedback is a method that involves establishing a trusting relationship between a psychologist and his client. When the goal is achieved, the doctor will have sufficient influence on the situation and the consciousness of the person.
• Closed issues are used when the patient can not (or does not want to) clearly explain his position. The psychologist begins to list the alternatives himself.
• The alignment of the logical chain provides an opportunity to structure the problem. Thus, not only the causes are revealed, but also the intermediate obstacles to overcoming.
• Emotional resume brings the patient back to the experience. At the same time, he should not describe the course of events, but his feelings.

Work with children

Psychocorrection of children is carried out on the basis of the following set of principles:

• Corrective work must necessarily precede diagnosis, the results of which determine the mechanisms of psychological impact;
• Work to eliminate deviations implies the establishment of complete contact and interaction (otherwise it will be ineffective);
• In working with children it is important to focus on the next period of development, rather than on the long-term perspective;
• Correction should be conducted in the direction from the higher psychological processes to their elementary manifestations;
• For each age period, the benchmarks for development, behavior and perception of the world have been defined, to which the specialist should be guided in the process of working with the child;
• It is important not only to eliminate the deviation, but to eradicate the very cause (otherwise the problem can return at any time);
• The psychologist should determine the age point in which the first signs of deviation were noticed, then take appropriate measures;
• Psychological correction should not concern normally working processes and mechanisms, and only affect deviant ones (it is important to prevent the occurrence of deviations in the future);
• It is impossible to work with children on a unified scenario (each session should be planned based on what successes were achieved in the course of the previous one);
• Psychological correction of the child's behavior must take into account the interests and abilities;
• Sessions should carry not only practical significance, but also provide emotional and aesthetic pleasure for children.

Stages of work with children

Socio-psychological correction of children's behavior includes the following stages:

• Diagnosis on the basis of the results of the interview with the child himself and with the persons included in his environment (friends, parents, teachers);
• Drafting of forward-looking forecasts for the development of the situation (variants should be provided both on the basis of the correction results and in case of rejection of it);
• The development of a corrective program with the indication of goals and their detailed elaboration for individual tasks;
• Implementation of the planned plan of psychological work;
• Evaluation of the achieved results.

Most experts agree that a positive shift can be considered the emergence of a fundamentally new view of the current situation.

Adolescent helpline

The adolescent period is one of the most difficult in terms of development, and in terms of setting up psychological work. It is important to understand that it is at this time that a person faces serious problems of perception of the world, choice and attitude to various situations. If we consider that the situation is aggravated by hormonal instability, then often the questions are of an intimate nature. Obviously, young people are not always ready to talk about their problems openly. The way out of the situation can be a helpline for teenagers.

It is important to understand that this form of psychological assistance is one of the most effective and suitable for children of senior school age. That is why it has become so widespread all over the world. At the same time, not only teenagers themselves can call, but also their parents, teachers, friends and close people. This demand is also due to the fact that telephone communication is one of the most accessible resources at the moment.

If you pay attention to statistics, it is the adolescent age accounts for the greatest number of suicides. This is due mainly to the fact that young people do not find understanding in the usual circle of communication or simply do not dare to talk about their problem. If we talk about such a service as a helpline for teenagers, then it becomes possible to speak out and get help from a qualified psychologist. Young people are attracted to this option by the fact that their conversation does not oblige to anything and can be completed at any time.

The task of a specialist who ensures the work of the service is to establish a trusting relationship and create an atmosphere of mutual understanding. In parallel, the psychologist should determine the severity of the problem, the emotional state of the client, as well as the period during which this or that help can be provided. Feeling the absence of criticism and full understanding, the teenager will certainly open before the expert, which will help to relieve the emotional tension and move to a direct search for ways out of the situation.

Conclusion

Psychocorrection is a correction of a person's emotional state with the help of a specialist. The modern pace of life, as well as the richness of its events can not but affect the mental state of people, and therefore this phenomenon has long ceased to be something new and unusual. The timely help of a psychologist sometimes becomes the defining moment in solving this or that emotional problem. In case of delicacy of the matter, a telephone of psychological help can be used.

Psychocorrection in its development has passed several successive stages. Initially, these were exclusively theoretical works, in which hypotheses were put forward about the possibility to correct the emotional state of a person or his attitude to the situation. Gradually, specialists began to pass to practical experiments. The greatest attention was paid to the work with children and adolescents, because in their thinking and behavior, the greatest number of deviations is observed. After all ideas were combined within the framework of one concept, psycho-correction became a common practice.

Every day psychologists face certain problems of patients, which require an indispensable intervention. Speaking of correction, it is aimed at the state of children and adolescents, problems of an intellectual nature, as well as addressing issues that concern the personal growth of a person. Quite often, corrections require behavioral characteristics of a person who have undergone deviations due to certain circumstances. One of the most difficult areas for correction is the emotional background.

As for working with children and adolescents, one of the decisive roles in psychological correction is played by so-called hotlines, which are characterized by complete anonymity. The young age is characterized by hormonal and emotional instability, which often generates deviations of a psychological nature, as well as problems with the perception of the world. In some cases, teenagers simply can not open up to an outsider (especially to an adult) because of the sensitivity of the problem. Communicating with a stranger through telephone communication, young people can give vent to emotions, as well as receive moral support and advice.