Prevention is the prevention of problems. Basics, methods, measures and interventions for prevention

Modern Russian is rich in various words, concepts and terms. In this article I want to talk about what is prevention: what kinds of it exist, what measures and methods are there.

About the concept

First of all, of course, you need to decide on the most important concept that will be used in this article. So, prevention is a kind of complex of various kinds of measures that are aimed at preventing a problem or a phenomenon even before they occur, or it is the prevention of various kinds of risk factors relative to the same problem.

About levels

So, we figured out that prevention is a set of measures aimed at overcoming a problem that has not yet emerged or is in its infancy. However, considering this topic, it is worth mentioning that there are also its various levels.

1. State. In this case, prevention measures are prescribed at the highest levels of government, these are some legislative measures aimed at improving health or well-being (depending on the type) of the inhabitants of the country.
2. Public (or work collective) - a lower level. Preventive measures are directed at a certain group of people.
3. Family level. Preventive measures against members of the same family.
4. Individual, or personal. In this case, prevention refers to a single person.

Directions

It is also worth mentioning that preventive measures can be taken in different directions. So, there are several of them:

1. Behavioral direction. As an example: prevention of deviant behavior, delinquency, etc.
2. Sanitary and hygienic. This is a field of hygiene, as well as medicine.
3. Functional biological (for example, fire safety).
4. Health-improving.

According to these four directions, various preventive measures are taken.

Types of prevention

So, what are the types of prevention? According to one classification, there are two:

1. Personal, that is, individual, directed at one individual person.
2. Public, when preventive measures apply to a group of people, a society or all residents of one country.

Other grouping of types of preventive measures can occur depending on the area of their action.

1. Medical prophylaxis.
2. Social.
3. Fire.
4. Criminal, etc.

Such subspecies can be a huge number, they should be considered separately, and not together in one tandem.

Tasks

So, we are considering the basics of prevention. It is worth paying attention to the tasks that this kind of preventive work puts before itself.

1. Conducting various complexes and preventive measures.
2. Use innovative forms in various areas to improve preventive measures.
3. Formation of understanding among people of the need for periodic preventive measures on a particular issue (be it medicine, firefighting industry or the social sphere of life).

Principles

Having understood that prevention is a set of precautionary measures, it is worth paying attention also to the principles that are used to create preventive programs at various levels.

1. Principle of system. Preparation of prevention programs based on periodic analysis of the problem.
2. The principle of strategic integrity. A unified strategy for preventive activities on a particular issue.
3. The principle of multidimensionality. Combination in the prevention of a personal aspect, behavioral, etc.
4. The principle of situationality. Correspondence of preventive measures to real requirements.
5. Principle of solidarity. Assistance and assistance in conducting prevention between organizations of different levels.
6. The principle of legitimacy. It is based on the adoption of preventive measures by people for whom these methods are intended.
7. The principle of maximum differentiation and multimodality. The application of several methods of prevention in parallel, their interrelation, flexibility, etc.

About medical prophylaxis

It should be said that, probably, the most common at the state level in our country is medical prevention. In this area of knowledge, there are three types:

1. Primary prevention. This is a certain system of measures aimed at identifying the causes of the disease and their elimination. The main purpose of these methods: activation of the body's forces to resist the effects of negative factors.
2. Secondary. This is already a complex of measures of a defensive nature: the detection and prevention of relapses, the progression of the pathological process, and so on.
3. Tertiary. This is an element of secondary prevention, which does not always stand out as a separate item. This can be the rehabilitation of patients with disabilities who have lost the opportunity to fully live.

About the principles

With regard to prevention levels, they have the following very important principles:

1. Continuity.
2. Differentiated character.
3. The mass.
4. Complexity of preventive measures.
5. And, of course, scientific.

It should be noted that medical prevention activities can be different, starting with sanitary and hygienic procedures (prophylaxis of worms or poisoning) before vaccination (prevention of major diseases that can be avoided by introducing a small amount of the virus into the human body to familiarize the body with it and produce Protective mechanism in case of an epidemic).

Fire prevention

There is also the concept of "fire prevention". This is a complex of various activities aimed at preventing fire situations. It should be noted that this type of preventive measures is used not only by the Ministry of Emergency Situations, they are needed in the construction of all buildings of different types (both residential and non-residential premises), planning and building of both urban and rural areas. Fire prevention measures can be as follows:

1. Not only control, but also development and implementation of fire safety rules.
2. Maintenance of planning and designing of objects taking into account their fire hazard.
3. Keep in proper order and improve the fire system measures.
4. Regular inspection by specialists of various enterprises for compliance with fire safety rules and fire systems readiness for rapid response.
5. Propaganda of fire and technical knowledge among people at enterprises, schools, etc.

About social prevention

It is worth mentioning that there is also another type - social prevention. This is a certain system of measures that are aimed at preventing, localizing or eliminating specific negative manifestations in society. There are special measures of this type of preventive action. They are divided into:

• General (designed for a large number of people: improving working conditions, preventing deviant behavior among adolescents, etc.);
• Special (these measures are aimed at a special set of people who are a risk group in this area, for example, difficult adolescents in the prevention of offenses);
• Individual measures (the work is aimed at individuals who are in the same risk group as in the paragraph above).

At the same time, prevention methods are used at various levels: personal, family, social, state.

Basic moments

Special attention also deserves social prevention in terms of its special moments. Why is it needed?

1. In a daily society there is a huge number of different stressful situations. If they are not allowed, they accumulate and grow into a huge problem. Preventive measures are capable in a rudiment to kill a developing "infection" and to save society from analyzing the consequences of this state.
2. Yet the main goal is not to respond to the emerging problem, but rather to prevent it. This requires an in-depth analysis of public relations in a certain period of time and according to a certain situation in the country (crisis, martial law , etc.).
3. Prevention methods are designed to teach people new skills, give special knowledge to achieve their own goals or preserve health.
4. Prevention services are called upon to find the best ways both to prevent problems and to solve them.

Social prevention at the state level

Preventative measures are important to be carried out correctly at each level. However, special attention deserves state social prevention, which is carried out through various measures: economic, socio-political, socio-cultural, legal. Measures that are actively used:

1. Explanatory work, according to this problem, at enterprises of various levels.
2. Preventive check (knowledge, if necessary - tools).
3. Implementation of preventive raids and operations.
4. Social patronage - support for people in need of help.