Population of Tyumen region: description, number, employment and national composition

The Tyumen region is one of the largest regions of Russia. Its history, economy and characteristics are unique. And the reason for this, first of all, is the population of the Tyumen region. Residents of the region differ in their demographic and social characteristics. Let's talk about the main features of the region and its population.

Geographical position

The region is beyond the Urals cities on the West Siberian Plain, its territory stretches from north to south across the entire width of Russia. The oblast is the third region in the country, it occupies 1435 thousand square kilometers. The Tyumen region borders on the Arkhangelsk, Sverdlovsk, Omsk, Tomsk and Kurgan regions, the Komi Republic and Krasnoyarsk Krai.

The population of the Tyumen region lives on rich and diverse lands, on its territory you can see areas of arctic deserts, tundra and forest tundra, taiga, mixed forests, forest-steppe and steppes. The relief is also varied: from plains to small mountains.

The area is very rich in various resources. There are large reserves of fresh water, there are more than 70 thousand lakes in the region, more than 580 thousand km of various rivers flow. The largest are the Irtysh and the Ob. Most of the region's lands are occupied by forests, the Tyumen region occupies the third place in the country in terms of timber reserves. In this region the main reserves of gas and oil of Russia are concentrated, also huge deposits of peat are found here, precious stones, lead, chromites and copper are extracted.

History of settlement

The first inhabitants in the Tyumen region appeared 40,000 years ago, as evidenced by archaeological excavations. The first population of the Tyumen region was nomadic. Settlers appear quite late, in the 13-16 centuries there was the Tyumen Khanate, consisting of Tatars and Kereits. In the 16th century, the Russian authorities began to build the Tyumen jail, later the city of Tobolsk appeared in its place. In the 18th century it became the capital of a huge Siberian province. Often, the provincial lands were shaken by various riots, but local authorities successfully coped with them.

After the revolution, the troops of General A. Kolchak were stationed there, and only in 1919 Soviet power was finally established here, Tyumen became the capital of the region. Since 1944 the region exists in its current borders.

Climate and ecology

The region is in the redistribution of several climatic zones: Arctic, subarctic in the north and moderately and sharply continental - in the center and in the south. Most of the territories belong to the zones of severe climate, with a long cold winter and a short, cool summer. In the winter in the north, temperatures in the north are on the average minus 29 degrees, in summer - about plus 7. In the south in January, the thermometer shows an average of minus 18 degrees, in July - plus 20. In the north, even in summer, the land does not thaw more than 1 meter.

In the region there is a lot of precipitation - 600 mm per year, the wettest month is July, when up to 20% of all precipitation falls. The snow cover in the north lasts from 8 to 10 months, in the south - about 6.

The ecological situation in the region is not entirely favorable. Production and extractive companies do not care much about protecting the environment, a growing amount of transport also adversely affects the cleanliness of air, and there is also the problem of recycling household and industrial waste. The administration of the region makes various efforts to solve these problems, but so far the pollution of air and water, especially in Tyumen, raises concerns.

The administrative-territorial division of the region and the distribution of the population

According to the last territorial division of the region from 1993, it includes 38 districts and 26 cities. The largest city is the capital of the region, there live 720 thousand people. The largest settlements of the region are also Surgut (350 thousand people), Nizhnevartovsk (270 thousand people), Nefteyugansk (125 thousand people), Novy Urengoy (111 thousand people) and Noyabrsk (110 thousand people).

About 77% of the population lives in cities, there is a process of increasing the number of citizens due to the outflow of residents from villages. The density of the population of the Tyumen region is 2.4 people per square kilometer, this is the 75th place among the regions of Russia. The northern parts of the region are practically uninhabited.

Dynamics of the number

Systematic observations of the number of inhabitants in the region begin in 1959, when about a million people lived here. During the Soviet era, the population of the Tyumen region was steadily growing. The peak of the increase occurred in the period from 1979 to 1987, when more than 3 million people lived here.

After this, there is a sharp decline in population growth. But the stable development of the region and the mining industry led to the fact that even in the years of perestroika, when the whole country was experiencing a negative dynamics of the number of residents, everything was vice versa. Today, the region is home to 3.6 million people.

Features of the population

From many regions of Russia the region is distinguished by its national composition. The population of the Tyumen region is 83% Russian, the Tatars make up 8%, and there are also several small ethnic groups of the indigenous population: the Nenets, Mansi, Khanty, Ket, Evenki. However, 95% of the population consider Russian the main language of communication.

But in the gender aspect the region differs little from other territories of the country. The male population of the Tyumen region is a smaller group than the female population. For each man there are 1.1 women.

Demographic indicators of the region

The region differs from many other subjects of the Russian Federation in the youthfulness of its inhabitants. The average age here is 37 years. This leads to a high birth rate in the region - 17.2 newborns per 1,000 people. Mortality in the region is slowly declining and the natural population growth rate is 8.9 people per thousand inhabitants.

But the life expectancy in the region is slightly lower than in the whole country, it is 71 years old, but has a tendency to increase. The region also has a fairly high rate of migration growth. Annually about 4 thousand visitors stay here. In general, the demographic load factor in the region is lower than the national average, and there is a tendency to further reduce it. Today this figure is 662.

Economy of the region

The region compares favorably with many other Russian subjects with a stable and promising economy. The main areas for employment of residents, as the employment center of the Tyumen region, are mining and fuel industry. Here, most of the Russian oil and gas is extracted. An important branch of production is also the timber processing industry. In the region there are four large industrial enterprises: a battery plant, a motor plant, Neftemash and a shipyard. The region is well-developed transport area, trade and service.

Employment

Stable economic development allows the region to look to the future with optimism, however, despite this, there is a problem of unemployment. Today employment of the population of the Tyumen region causes concern at local administration. Despite the fact that the unemployment rate has recently decreased slightly, it still exceeds the all-Russian figures and is 5.1.

People with higher education experience a big problem with finding a job, especially women, since the main vacancies are connected with the working professions.