"Poet died ..." Lermontov's poem "The Death of a Poet." Who dedicated Lermontov's "The Death of a Poet"?

Pushkin and Lermontov are two names that have the right to be nearby for several reasons. First, they are equal in art. Moreover, History itself ordered that the death of one became a springboard to the all-Russian popularity of the other.

Two Geniuses

When in 1837, after learning about the fateful duel, the deadly wound, and then the death of Pushkin, Lermontov wrote the mournful "Poet died ...", he himself was quite famous in literary circles. The creative biography of Mikhail Yurievich begins early, his romantic poems date back to 1828-1829. He grows rapidly as a lyrical rebel, a tragic, Byronic storehouse. Especially remarkable are his love poems - "Beggar", "At your feet ..." and many others, revealing to the reader a profound drama of Lermontov's experiences. And civil, revolutionary sense, poetry deserves a lot of attention. The time for apprenticeships for Mikhail Yurievich was short. Venerable writers respect him and predict a great future. And he considers Pushkin to be his idol, spiritual Teacher and Teacher Lermontov. Therefore, with such pain as the loss of his personal, he writes: "The poet died ..."

Legends and rumors

Personally they were not familiar - it was not possible. Although historians and biographers, who gather information about great people by their grains, much still remains unknown. In our case too, who knows, maybe some unknown facts will be discovered someday, and it turns out that the poet died, that is, Pushkin, yet at least once having shaken Lermontov's hand or exchanged a friendly word with him. At least, they had many friends in common. Gogol and the family of Karamzins, Zhukovsky and Smirnov-Rosset, Odoyevsky. Even the younger brother of Alexander Sergeevich, the restless scoundrel of Lyovushka, bowed with Lermontov in Pyatigorsk and witnessed the quarrel between Michel and the "Monkey" -a sworn "friend" and future murderer Martynov. There are indirect rumors that both geniuses did see each other - at a small secular party at Vsevolozhsky. However, Mikhail Yuryevich did not dare approach his idol, he was embarrassed, and Pushkin was distracted all the time ... So the Poet died, without talking to his future successor about the main thing, about what constituted the meaning of life for both: Creativity. But it is known for certain that Pushkin has repeatedly noted strength and depth, brilliant signs of high Lermontov talent.

History of creation

So, the beginning of February 1837 shocked Petersburg, Moscow, and then all of Russia with two events, perhaps, of equal importance. The first is that "the sun of Russian poetry has set", that Pushkin died. And the second - the work "The Death of a Poet", spreading in the lists and memorized by heart, flashed across the northern capital with lightning. Lermontov's verse, which became a guilty verdict of secular rabble and announced that a new, uncrowned king had ascended to the poetic throne. Work on the work, apparently, Lermontov began, as soon as he heard rumors about the fateful duel and injury. The first edition is dated February 9 (January 28), when there was still a hope that Pushkin would survive. Although, foreseeing the tragic denouement, Mikhail Yurievich ends with the phrase "And on his lips seal ...".

"The death of the poet" (verse by Lermontov) is supplemented by the following 16 lines on February 10, when it becomes known that Pushkin is no more. It was then, as the journalist Panaev later noted, Lermontov's work began to correspond tens of thousands of times, memorized by heart.

"A poet in Russia is more than a poet!"

The popularity of the poem has reached such a level that it was reported to him by "the greatest people." The reaction of the emperor was immediate - arrest home, and then another link to the "hot spots" in the Caucasus. Lermontov was sick at that time, so he was not sent to the guardhouse. But his friend Raevsky, who found the text during the search, did indeed get arrested and sent to Olonets province. Why so cruel disfavor? For a principled human and socio-political stance. After all, who dedicated Lermontov's "The Death of a Poet"? Not just an amazingly talented writer Alexander Pushkin, no! Russian art talent has always been generous, and the Russian land does not scant them to this day. For Lermontov, Pushkin's work is a challenge to spirituality and slavery, a breath of fresh, clean air, free, not polluted by servility, meanness and meanness. And Pushkin himself is called paradoxically exactly: "The poet died! - a slave of honor fell ... "In Lermontov, these two words are synonymous. A true poet, from God, by nature has no opportunity to lie, to act disgustingly, contrary to conscience and high moral concepts. How the deceased's friends spoke of the work, "Lermontov's poems are beautiful; They could be written by someone who knew and loved our Pushkin well himself. "

Historical meaning

Poem "Poet poet" Lermontov occupies a special place in Russian literature. In fact, this is the earliest and most powerful in terms of the work of art, a poetic generalization of Pushkin's assessment of his "marvelous genius," of national significance for Russia. At the same time, the very fact of his writing is an indicator of Lermontov's personal identity , his civil, moral and political position. As the critic Druzhinin wrote, Mikhail Lermontov not only mourned the poet first, but also dared to throw the "iron verse" in the face to those who gleefully rubbed their hands and mocked the tragedy. "The King is dead - long live the King!" - that's how it would be possible to designate a public resonance about the great mystery of history connected with the death of Alexander Pushkin and the fact that "The poet died" (verse by Lermontov) put him among the first writers of Russia.

Genre of the poem

"The Death of a Poet" is simultaneously a solemn ode and a tough satire. The poem contains, on the one hand, rave reviews about the personality of the great Pushkin. On the other hand, anger and impartial criticism of his ill-wishers, a secular society led by the emperor and the closest dignitaries, the chief of police Benckendorff, a host of critics and censors who did not want alive and sincere, freedom-loving and wise, humane and enlightening thoughts and ideals to penetrate In society. That they would occupy the minds and souls of young people who are under the yoke of political reaction. Emperor Nicholas never forgot about the events of December 14, 1825, when the throne of Russian princes shook. It is not without reason that the poet's death was unequivocally assessed as an appeal to the revolution. The odic lines are written in a solemn, "high" style and contain the appropriate vocabulary. The satirical ones are also held in strict aesthetic canons. Thus, Lermontov has achieved a surprisingly harmonious unity with genre diversity.

Composition of the poem

"The death of a poet" is a poem with a rather complex and at the same time clear, carefully thought out and organized composition. In its content, several fragments are clearly distinguished. Each is logically finished, differs in its style, its inherent pathos and idea. But they are all one and are subject to the general meaning of the work. Analyzing the composition, you can identify the theme and idea of the work.

Theme, idea, problems

The first part consists of 33 lines, energetic, angry, emphasizing that Pushkin's death is not a consequence of the natural course of events, but the deliberate and deliberate killing of a person who has lonely rebelled against the opinion of "light." Death is retribution for the Poet's attempt to be himself, to remain true to his talent and code of honor. Lermontov is laconic and precise. For a specific soulless killer with a "cold heart", a hunter of "happiness and rank", there is Fate itself ("fate is the verdict"). In this, Mikhail Yurievich sees the meaning of the tragedy: "arrogant descendants" of ill-famed meanness of birth do not forgive diatribes in their address. They honor the traditions of autocracy and serfdom, because they are the basis of the well-being of their past, present and future. And anyone who dares to encroach on them, must be destroyed! It does not matter, by the hand of French Dantes or someone else. After all, Lermontov himself died a few years later from the "Dantes Russian" - Martynov. The second part of the poem (23 lines) is equated with a lyrical digression. Mikhail Yuryevich does not restrain his spiritual pain , drawing a deeply personal and dear to him image of Pushkin. Poems are full of poetic figures: antitheses, rhetorical questions, exclamations, etc. The last part (16 lines) is again a satire, a formidable warning about the Supreme, Divine court, the court of Time and History, which will punish the criminals and justify the innocent. The lines are prophetic, for so it all happened ...