Plants and animals of the Red book of the Vladimir region: photo, list

The Red Book of the Vladimir Region is a document that appeared as a result of painstaking work of scientists. The very area rich in forests (they occupy a little more than half of the entire territory), with a fertile temperate climate, implies a large number of representatives of flora and fauna. That is why the animals of the Red Book of the Vladimir region are very numerous. With a very favorable ecological picture, 6 percent of all lands are the territories of protected natural sites. Among them is the national park "Meschera", and Lake Ishra. There is also a part of the Klyazminsky reserve, which is of federal importance.

What is the purpose of the Red Book?

To begin with, it is necessary to decide what the Red Book is, what its purpose and features are. So, this document is a list of rare or disappearing representatives of the plant or animal world.

It is a mistake to think that such a document exists exclusively in the Russian Federation. In 1963, the International Red Book was published (works on it were conducted since 1948).

As for our country, before the collapse of the Soviet Union, there was the Red Book of the USSR, and afterwards - in 2001 saw the light of the protected Russian plants and animals, called the Red Book. And further, the subjects of the federation began to publish their own regional Red Books.

The only thing that unites such documents is their structure. All representatives of the flora and fauna are divided into categories from those that disappeared altogether (opposite to them is the 0 mark) to those whose populations are in the process of recovery (mark 5). Between these values there are signifying the threat of extinction (1), reduction in numbers (2), rare (3) and indefinite (4).

The common for all red books and their design - each copy is accompanied by a bright picture and a designation of the habitat.

The Red Book of the Vladimir Region

What rocks animals and plants listed in the Red Book of the Vladimir region, then their number is 160 animals, the same number of plants and 10 mushrooms.

It should be noted that compared to 2008 (the first edition of the Red Data Book) at the moment, the number of animals has been reduced by half, plants by 48 units, and mushrooms by 7.

The Red Book of the Vladimir Region, whose animals and plants are the subject of this article, was first published in 2008. She represented then the list of species that should be entered into it (the resolution of the governor). All this - the result of painstaking work of scientists, with the help of which this list became possible.

In 2010, the list was revised and reduced. What was the reason? Unfortunately, only a reduction in the habitat of species. Until now, the animals of the Red Book of the Vladimir region, which are on the verge of extinction, are the Russian muskrat, the gray crane, and many others. We will quote the rarest representatives of the flora and fauna of each of the classes.

Vegetable world

As it was written above, a little more than half of the whole territory of the region is occupied by forests, most often birch groves or pine forests or spruce forests. There are also mixed. In some places there are rare plantings of young lindens - they were mercilessly cut down in the last century, and now they are trying to restore it. The same is true with oak groves: they are rare, they are located mainly on the banks of the rivers Klyazma and Oka.

The abundance of forests, moderately moistened by the warm climate of the middle belt, provide an excellent opportunity for the growth of berries and mushrooms. The region is also rich in tubular plants, many of them are listed in the Red Book, but are especially protected with the mark "disappearing", for example, a bristly half-sock, a Venus slipper, Karelian birch, a flyer floating.

Polusnik bristly - a plant that meets along the shores of various reservoirs, prefers sandy-silt soils or simply sand. The half-shell can grow to a depth of 2 meters, while prefers pure water. Dehumidification and contamination of water bodies leads to the disappearance of the plant.

Venus shoe is a flower that not only affects its beauty, but also a healing one. It is often used as a sedative. This flower is also interesting because it is a "trap" plant, eating its pollinators. It is protected not only on the whole territory of Russia, but also in a number of European states. What is the reason for this? With the economic activity of man: cutting down forests, planting alien plants for a given locality, it damages such distinctive inhabitants, which is the Venus shoe.

The history of guarding the rogovnik floating is of interest. Until recently, he was a member of the Red Book of the RSFSR, however, due to the measures applied, he was excluded from there. Rogulnik remained only in regional environmental documents. Including the Red Book of the Vladimir region: animals and plants included in it have practically disappeared in this territory. Why the rosher? Its fruit resembles the head of a bull. It grows in water with standing or slowly flowing water. From the soil prefers muddy.

Trees: Karelian birch

Karelian birch is a completely unique phenomenon of the plant world. Its wood has a natural pattern.

From ancient times it was used to make all kinds of household items (jewelry, boxes). Unfortunately, the population of the Karelian birch is very small, therefore, work is under way to preserve it: every tree is logged, which is cut down only with the permission of the authorities.

Insects

The abundance of forests and reservoirs provided a reliable home for many representatives of the flora. However, the animals of the Vladimir region, listed in the Red Book, are very numerous. Among them there are both insects, and birds, mammals.

As for insects, it should be said, first of all, about Menetries beetles, shiny and violet - they are all on the verge of extinction, mainly because they live in forests (shiny, purple), where there is treatment with pesticides, mining, grazing Cattle, or in marshes (Menetries), which are subject to reclamation in large quantities.

You can also note bumblebee: common, yonellus, moss, fruit and clay. Also a carpenter's bee. All these representatives of Hymenoptera are reduced due to deterioration of habitats: pastures and light forests are used for grazing, processed by chemicals, forests suffer from fires and logging.

Arthropods

Rare animals of the Vladimir region from the Red Book are also arthropods. Wide-toothed and narrow-cut crayfish, silver spider, spring and crustacean shields are some representatives of this species.

Crayfish, narrow-heeled and broad-shouldered, are interesting in that their areas do not overlap, and the first gradually pushes the second. There are no more differences in the habitat: they prefer well-oxygenated water, clean. The reason for their small number and, as a consequence, protection is pollution and shallowing of water bodies, as well as a specific disease - a cancerous plague.

Spider-silverfish causes ecologists a little less concern than the crustaceans presented above. This is the only species of arachnids, adapted to dwelling in water. He prefers ponds with weakly flowing or standing water. Reducing their numbers, as well as pollution led to the fact that water spiders are becoming less.

Shchitni spring and crustacean differ little from each other. These animals of the Red Book of the Vladimir region live on the bottom of water bodies, and the depth can range from several centimeters (puddles, ditches). The reason for the reduction is the drying out of habitats, an increase in the temperature of the water.

Fish

Animals and plants of the Red Book of the Vladimir Region, living in water bodies, are not limited to insects and arthropods - there are fish among them. Among them is worth mentioning the sterlet and the ordinary underbody. The first one is very sensitive to the purity of water, which is why it is fixed in the Red Book as a vanishing species, after all, there are fewer and less pure reservoirs. In addition, the creation of reservoirs on the basis of rivers in which water is not properly purified, plays a worse role with oxygen, plays a detrimental role, and it is difficult for fish to spawn in such reservoirs.

Ordinary stonemason also lives only in crystal clear water. Unlike the sterlet, it does not migrate, but remains in its pond. This fish up to 12 cm long has a very frightening appearance: a large head, large enough and wide red eyes. There is no scales in the scum, but there are only thorns that scare off predators. Coloring resembles the bottom drawing: the fish have a brownish-yellow, sometimes greenish tinge.

Birds

The Red Book of the Vladimir Region, animals with a photo of which is the subject of this article, also contains birds. There are a lot of representatives of this detachment on the list, we will list only those that have the status of "disappearing".

Small tern. This bird settles on the banks of rivers, lakes and reservoirs, its disappearance is associated with a small number of places for possible nesting, in addition, it is not uncommon for tern habitats to flood during floods.

White and black stork. These two species of birds suffer, primarily because of poachers and the ruin of nests. Quite large beautiful storks are migratory, in the colder months they fly away and return to their nests in the spring. Then lay eggs and breed. Security measures are aimed at helping their nesting, and poaching is also suppressed.

Of the falcons, the Red Book of the Osprey, the Serpentine, the Golden Eagle, the White-tailed Eagle and the Peregrine Falcon are extremely carefully guarded. The number of these species of birds of prey is reduced due to several factors, primarily the role of limited nesting places, as well as the destruction of nests by predators (eg, foxes). Unfortunately, there is a factor of environmental pollution, because eagle and hawk feed on small birds and animals that can live in contaminated areas.

Owl - another bird of prey, protected. The chance to find it back in the twentieth century was almost zero: the eagle owls were almost exterminated. This was mainly due to human economic activity: birds were shot, narrowed their habitats (deforestation) and made it impossible to catch food. Owl is the largest owl in the world. His diet is very diverse, it can be like other birds of prey, and mammals, and amphibians. External characteristic feature - peculiar "ears" of feathers on the head.

Mammals

Warm-blooded mammal animals of the Red Book of the Vladimir region, with photos and descriptions of which we introduce in this article, are few. The bison, the common lynx, the river otter and the Russian desman are especially worrisome among ecologists. Let us dwell on each animal in more detail.

Bison refers to a pair of animals. Being on the verge of extinction, it is considered the largest of all mammals in Europe. These massive animals live in small groups, which are not tolerated by other ungulates. At present, measures are being taken to increase the population of bison.

Lynx is a representative of the cat family with a size not exceeding a large dog. This predator has a very memorable appearance, a distinctive feature of the lynx - "tassels" on the ears. The animal has a very beautiful fur, which is why it is the aim of poachers.

The river otter sits along the banks of the rushing rivers. This is necessary for the animal of the family of cunies, because such water bodies do not freeze for the winter, and the otter lives and feeds in them. She is a wonderful swimmer, helps in this elongated body, webbing on her paws and a thick layer of fat, which does not freeze in cold water. Animals and plants of the Red Book of the Vladimir region are there for the most part because of human environmental pollution. Otter is no exception. The fact is that she can only live in clean water, and there are fewer such reservoirs.

Russian desman is another representative of mammals under protection. This animal has a very amusing appearance: a long nose, a fluffy body and a tail-rudder consisting of strong scales, allowing you to maneuver quickly in burrows that he digs on the banks of calm rivers and ponds. The most threatens the animal with poaching: in the XIX century it was exterminated in huge quantities. Has added the mite in population reduction and economic activity of the person: draining of reservoirs or wrongful building of their coast.