Periostitis of the lower jaw: causes, diagnosis, symptoms and treatment

The inflammatory process in the periosteum has a medical diagnosis of periostitis of the lower jaw. The code for ICD 10 has the values K10.22 and K10.23. In the first case, the inflammation is of the initial form, the second digit denotes the chronic type of the disease.

According to the ICD, 10 periostitis of the lower jaw is divided into two subgroups, but practical forms of development of the inflammatory process have much more conditions. Thus, subclasses are distinguished according to the source of tumor development, the stage of development, the type of complications.

Preconditions for development of an abscess

The oral cavity is always affected by harmful microorganisms. They get there for the following reasons:

• With poor-quality or poorly processed food;
• Through the hands, more often it occurs in children;
• Internal pathways during the inflammation of the tooth or after its removal.

Often the inflammation passes to the area of the cheek or other skull tissues. Imagine a typical periostitis of the lower jaw, the photo indicates a large lesion. The name of the disease describes the mechanism of spreading the infection through healthy cells - the flux indicates a leak.

The periosteum of the lower jaw is less dangerous than the upper jaw. However, do not neglect medical help when developing primary symptoms. Flux is able to rapidly spread through the internal tissues of the gums and cause swelling of the cheeks. Moreover, the whole process of tumor formation of the periosteum can pass asymptomatically.

Ordinary dental caries leads to sad complications. Bacterial environment diverges throughout the body, causing inflammation of the respiratory tract, lungs, bronchi. Severe neglected cases of the disease lead to pathological changes in the body. So, an imperceptible speck on the enamel becomes a problem for the surgeon.

The initial stages of the flux can be prevented by periodically visiting the dentist, but many people neglect the prevention of periostitis.

The main ways of occurrence

The development of tumor periosteum affects 2 factors:

• Penetration of bacteria into the layers of tissue through the wound, which is often formed after removal of the teeth;
• Purulent processes of the roots of the tooth or internal spread of the infection.

Penetration through a healthy mucous is rarely possible, but if the immune system is weakened, the bacteria immediately linger on the mucosa. Lack of hygiene of the teeth promotes reproduction of microorganisms in the mouth. With the first internal wound, tissue infection immediately occurs.

Internal infection is more common in young children, when the body is weakened by an attack of unknown infections. With age, immunity grows stronger and not every bacterium can overcome the protective threshold. However, a person intentionally spoils his health, not suspecting what consequences he is expected. There are provocative factors:

• Alcohol and smoking disrupt the condition of the mucosa, leads to dryness of the oral cavity, which facilitates the way of penetration of all kinds of infections;
• No teeth cleaning after eating, before going to bed, in the morning;
• Meager food and a fixed lifestyle;
• Internal chronic diseases;
• Other infections, such include herpes simple type, when periodically on the oral mucosa there are bactericidal vesicles.

Also, a decrease in the tone of the body contributes to the rapid growth of bacteria. There is a purulent periostitis of the lower jaw, capable of capturing the vast parts of the facial region.

Causes of development of acute conditions

The main factor of flux development is the absence of timely destruction of bacteria that breed on teeth. People who observe mouth hygiene, use mouthwash and periodically visit the dentist, will never get a periostitis of the lower jaw. Symptoms of flux always have unpleasant consequences, it is better to prevent it than to deal with a massive attack of harmful microorganisms.

The combination of circumstances can provoke an avalanche-like growth of bacteria. The immune response contributes to the inflow of fluid to the site of inflammation, creating large swelling of the tissues. Such complications become possible under the influence of the following reasons:

• Inflammation of surrounding tissues begins under the action of periodontitis of the teeth.
• Provocateur can act tuberculosis.
• Infectious cause occurs when the protective forces of the organism are greatly reduced.
• Injuries of the jaw, accompanied by displacement of the jaw bones.
• Allergic swelling of the gums.
• Poisoning by chemical substances.

Existing species

The flux is subdivided by the types of inflammation, the form of the tumor, the time of formation. This information is necessary for choosing the right treatment. Here are the possible states of the disease:

• Periostitis of the lower jaw can take place with the formation of pus. Such forms have the largest neoplasms, distorting the appearance of the face. Acute forms occur in cases of strong immunosuppression at the initial stages of bacterial inflammation.
• The chronic form of the disease develops for a long time asymptomatically. But under favorable conditions, bacteria multiply actively. The swelling of the gums increases, spreading around the surrounding tissues. This kind of periostitis can take place with or without pus.
• A kind of simple aseptic development is distinguished: the tissues rot without the formation of symptoms of inflammation. With this form, there may be blood edema, pain is felt.
• The chronic form is often called ossifying periostitis. With this variant of development a growth on the bone tissues of the jaw is observed. Identify the change in the structure can be made by an x-ray examination. In the picture, there will be noticeable thorns and thickening.
• A particular type of acute inflammation is serous periostitis of the lower jaw. This disease is formed under the influence of periodontitis. Signs are fever, pain during chewing food and swelling of the tissues. The tooth on the affected gingiva is often removed.
• The modified gingiva can take the form of a fibrous tissue. In the process of inflammation, both the tooth itself and the bony parts of the jaw participate. These changes occur as a result of repeated mechanical action on one portion of the periosteum.

Features

With palpation, it is often possible to detect only acute periostitis of the lower jaw. Symptoms of chronic inflammation are described by the following conditions:

• Deterioration of general health with the latent nature of the course of diseases. Often passes with a temperature rise above 37 degrees.
• In young children there is increased tearfulness, restless sleep. Often they refuse food at all, which must be chewed.
• With palpation, you can find a thickening of the gingival tissue, which respond with soreness at the time of touch. There is also a slight swelling of the cheek.
• Symptoms worsen when the immunity decreases. Cold or acute respiratory complications immediately respond with pain in the gums.
• Acute periostitis of the lower jaw is always a danger to the entire body. At this point, there is a rapid swelling of the cheek or neck area. Swelling tissues can be seen on the gum. The pain threshold becomes higher than tolerable.
• Purulent discharge from the gums indicates a very serious condition of the patient. This kind is treated only in an operative way, you may need a plastic surgeon. This condition occurs when the retromolar periostitis of the lower jaw developed. Problems arise when the hard cutting of molars.

All acute stages of the development of the disease are accompanied by an increase in lymph nodes.

Distinguishing characteristics of acute forms of inflammation

Any acute purulent periostitis of the lower jaw proceeds with visible symptoms. It becomes the result of complications after the inflamed periodontitis. This condition is characterized by the following symptoms: severe swelling of the cheek and gums, pain during chewing food. There is a decrease in well-being. Forms of the face often change, but the color of the skin remains the same.

The symptom of inflammation is always the thickening of the lymph nodes in the area of the appearance of periostitis. The started stages are described by irreplaceable conditions for the roots of the affected tooth. It must be removed during treatment. But often the affected area is treated with antibacterial solutions.

Multiple root teeth do not respond to dental therapies. If they are not removed, then with further development of inflammation, lymphadenitis can form. On the channels of the lymphatic system, the bacterial environment will disperse throughout the body, which will lead to a deterioration in well-being.

Distinguishing characteristics of chronic forms of inflammation

The problem of tooth decay is often ignored due to lack of time, funds or simply in the absence of a clinic nearby. Negligent attitude to your body leads to bacterial inflammation. Chronic periostitis of the lower jaw develops asymptomatically, it can be detected only in the dental office.

A recurrent form occurs when there has already been a periostitis with an abscess. As a result of treatment or lack thereof, a repeated development of the bacterial environment occurs. Thus, periostitis of the lower jaw is formed after tooth extraction, if the cavity has not been thoroughly cleaned.

The process of inflammation of the periosteum

The initial stages of the development of the disease are invisible to humans. Slow development of inflammation allows bacteria to gain a foothold in the tissues of the gums. The first symptoms of periostitis can be detected by discomfort in the oral cavity. The tongue notices a small compaction of the tissues under the teeth.

The next stage of development is accompanied by the appearance of pain when chewing food. Then, reddening occurs in the area of the roots of the teeth. The gums become inflamed, which leads to an increase in swelling. Symmetry of the face is disturbed, it can be noticed with the naked eye.

With further development of the edema, the surrounding tissues become inflamed. Redness is noticeable in the cheek area. If long-term treatment is absent, ulcers form. After a while they are opened. Bleeding, mixed with a bacterial environment, is a danger to the internal systems of the body.

The centers of an inflammation become the reason of infection of a lymph which passes through all organism. Running stages of periostitis can lead to a massive loss of teeth, so at the first symptoms of soreness you should visit a dentist.

Types of course therapy

Disease periodontitis almost always leads to a diagnosis: periostitis of the lower jaw. Treatment is carried out immediately in the dentist's office. For any type of therapy, local anesthesia is used. Purulent foci of periostitis lead to the removal of multicore teeth, and the residual cavity is thoroughly washed with solutions. Improper treatment leads to a re-inflammation of the periosteum.

When the periosteum periosteum of the single-root tooth is often treated without removal, the swollen tissues are opened and the canal is cleaned with a solution. Timely therapy will help keep the canine fang. In the period of tissue repair, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial drugs are prescribed.

With severe soreness, it is permissible to use anesthetic local compresses. Widely used therapeutic methods for the destruction of the bacterial environment. These include ultraviolet radiation, laser and phototherapy.

Preventive actions

Periodic examination at the dentist helps to avoid not only inflammatory conditions, but also keeps healthy teeth. Treatment takes a little time, but a beautiful smile can be saved until old age. To maintain the body requires compliance with hygiene rules, diet, as well as monitor the development of chronic diseases.

To counteract the bacteria, the body needs to be supported with vitamins, use a liquid to rinse the mouth. With infectious diseases, treat wounds in the mouth with special antiseptics. The teeth are adversely affected by sweet: caramels, chocolates and other confectionery.

People who engage in hazardous sports are at risk. Due to the periodic traumatism of the jaw, the organism acquires a predisposition to the development of the flux. The started stages of the inflammatory process lead to the formation of a course for accumulated pus. The condition of the abscess is eliminated for a long time and painfully. It is better to prevent the disease than to deal with unpleasant complications.