"Ospamox": the instruction. Reviews, prices, indications for use

"Ospamox" is a medicinal antimicrobial drug, the active substance of which is amoxicillin - a representative of a number of aminopenicillins. Synthesized in the mid-20th century, amoxicillin has become one of the most massive antimicrobial agents. Due to the small number of side effects and harmful effects, and also because of the bactericidal effect, he firmly established himself in the clinic. The drug "Amoxicillin" was on sale in 1972, and so far it is the main antibiotic for the treatment of mild bacterial respiratory diseases and ancillary for their severe and moderately severe course.

System characteristics of the preparation

The preparation "Ospamox" has a wide application, which is connected with the key features of the medicinal substance - amoxicillin. In the classification of drugs, it is presented as a beta-lactam antibiotic of semi-synthetic origin. This is aminopenicillin, which has a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity, safe against the macroorganism.

The preparation "Ospamox" has a group of class analogues, belonging to the category of inhibitor-protected aminopenicillins. These are more effective antibiotics, whose names are as follows: "Amoxicillin clavulanate", "Ampicillin sulbactam". They are also widely produced, but are used much more widely. Using the main advantage of amoxicillin, they exclude its most important drawback - sensitivity to penicillinases.

Antibacterial activity of the preparation

The drug "Ospamox" (for children and adults) breaks the synthesis of structural molecules of the bacterial cell wall (peptidoglycan), having a bactericidal effect on the microbial cell. As a result, the drug "Amoxicillin" kills bacteria. Moreover, the medicine is active mainly against gram-positive microbes: pneumococcus, enterococcus, listeria. Also the preparation "Ospamox 1000" is active against anaerobes - sporogenous clostridia and peptostreptococcus.

Due to bactericidal action and disruption of the synthesis of peptidoglycan, "Amoxicillin" is a broad-spectrum preparation. Since peptidoglycan is also a structural element of the underdeveloped cell wall of gram-negative bacteria, the drug also exhibits activity against them. Most susceptible to the bactericidal effect of Ospomox are Helicobacter pylori, Neisseria, causing meningitis, and spore-forming salmonella. Slightly less sensitive to amoxicillin, hemophils, protheus, E. coli, spore-forming shigella, cholera vibrio and neisseria, causing gonorrhea.

The main category of diseases that are treated with Ospamox is a group of respiratory pathogens of bacterial origin. Also, bacteria that cause acute otitis media, bacterial pneumonia of the lung current and sinusitis require the appointment of "Amoxicillin". This drug is also included in the three-component scheme of eradication of Helicobacter pylori and is used for intestinal infections, bacterial diseases of the genitourinary system.

Indications for use

The instruction attached to Ospamox 500 contains information on preventive use. In particular, to prevent bacterial complications after performing invasive diagnostic manipulations, the drug can be taken in adults 500 mg 3 times a day for 5-7 days. A similar period of prophylaxis is also established for the prevention of bacteremia after extraction of the teeth. In general, the spectrum of readings looks like this:

• ORZ: bacterial pharyngitis, sore throats, laryngitis, bronchitis, pneumonia of mild course;
• Pustular skin infections: furuncles, carbuncles, pyoderma, streptoderma;
• Bacterial infection of the lower urinary tract (cystitis, urethritis);
• Chlamydial infection during pregnancy;
• gonorrhea;
• Typhoid fever, Lyme disease.

Pharmacodynamic application limitations

The above indications are limited, and in most cases, due to antibacterial resistance, the drug has a weak effect. It can not be used for the isolated treatment of pneumonia, pyelonephritis, purulent infections of the skin, soft tissues. At the moment, all preparations of the group of aminopenicillins, which are destroyed by beta-lactamase bacteria, are actively being replaced by combined protected penicillins: "Amoxicillin clavulanate" and its generics.

For "Amoxicillin" and, accordingly, for the drug "Ospamox", the instruction leaves only a few spheres of application. It is a first-line drug in pregnant women with the above infections. Also, "Amoxicillin" and its generics, including Ospamox, can be used at any age in children according to indications. The use of out-of-infectious disease as a preventive agent in children is of no practical value and is contraindicated.

Form release and dosage

The main dosage form of the drug "Ospamox" is tablets containing 500 and 1000 mg of active ingredient. This is the most commonly used variant of an antibiotic, optimal for an adult. Of the tablets, the active substance is dispersed in the stomach and absorbed into the blood. Going to inflamed tissues and penetrating into the interstitial space, it directly destroys the bacteria, speeding up the recovery process in infectious pathology. Powdered preparations for pediatric use are also available (below).

Powder "Ospamox" for the preparation of suspension

Also, in view of the safety of the use of aminopenicillins in children, a pediatric medicinal form of the drug Ospamox is produced. Suspension for children is a successful way of using a medicinal substance that does not require the ingestion of capsules or tablets. At the age of up to 5, and sometimes up to 8 years, children have problems with swallowing solid dosage forms. Suspension in this case is the most successful way of enteral administration of an antimicrobial.

A suspension is prepared from standard powdered dosage forms containing 125, 250 and 500 mg per 5 ml of the prepared mixture. A standard 60 ml (or 100 ml for 500 mg / 5 ml dose) measuring flask with a measuring spoon with a capacity of 5 ml is also supplied in the standard packaging.

Dosing and application features

The instruction applied to the Ospamox preparation implies several dosage regimens that depend on the age and function of the kidneys in patients with nephrotic diseases. The adult dosage (over 16 years) is 1.5-2 g per day. Dispersible tablets of 500 mg are taken three times a day, 1000 mg twice a day for 5-7 days.

At the age of 12 to 16 years, a dosage of 1000 mg per day is recommended, that is, a four-time administration of the drug in a single dose of 250 mg, or a double dose of 500 mg. Given the peculiarities of absorption of the drug and the likelihood of its decrease when consumed with food, it is recommended to take a single dose 30 minutes before meals.

Application of the drug in pediatrics

Children's dosages depend on age. Newborns and infants up to a year are allowed to bring the daily dosage to 250 mg. Form release - powder for suspensions 125 mg / 5 ml. Take should be a measuring spoon 2 times a day. A child from one to six years old is allowed to take a suspension prepared from the standard Ospamox preparation. The daily dosage is 375-500 mg: the suspension is taken orally by a measuring spoon twice a day.

From 6 to 10 years old the child is able to independently take tablet medicines "Ospamox". Instruction means taking in a daily dose of 750 mg. Tablets of 250 mg are taken three times a day according to medical recommendations on the timing of treatment. If, due to the presence of other diseases associated with swallowing disorders, a suspension of the same dosage is used. At the same time, at any age, control of therapy, evaluation of the effectiveness of the antimicrobial agent and the determination of adverse reactions are necessary.

Features of the side effects of the drug

A group of antibiotics of the penicillin line has a record low toxicity, but are prone to cause allergic reactions. In view of toxic safety, for the drug "Ospamox" instruction allows pediatric use from the period of newborn. Moreover, in adults and infants the medicinal substance "Amoxicillin" causes some side reactions. In particular:

• Allergy in the form of urticaria, conjunctivitis, rhinitis, Quincke's edema, fever, eosinophilia, extremely rare anaphylactic shock;
• General side effects: headaches, nausea, dizziness, diarrhea with prolonged use (more than 15 days for a number of diseases);
• Crystalluria, interstitial nephritis, which develops mainly when used together with metronidazole;
• Against the background of antibiotic therapy, it is possible to develop superinfection from among strains having full or relative resistance to "Amoxicillin";
• When used in infancy, development of diarrhea of a fungal origin is possible.

Contraindications

Contraindication is a previously specified case of allergy to aminopenicillins, infectious mononucleosis, diarrhea and infections of any part of the gastrointestinal tract. The drug is not used in the presence of bronchial asthma, severe viral infections without bacterial complications, when allergy to cephalosporins is detected. The last contraindication is relative and carefully checked, since the cross-allergy to aminopenicillins occurs only in 5-20% of cases.

Features of use in pregnant and lactating women

An important point of antibiotic use in pregnancy is their potential and actual toxicity. Preparations of a number of penicillins are practically not metabolized and are excreted in the original form. This means that they do not cause any toxic effects. Also Ospamox is specific to bacterial cells and has no effect on human cells.

In view of these features, the use of "Amoxicillin" during pregnancy at any time for the treatment of diseases according to the above indications is permitted. It is important that about 30% of the dose of the drug entering the blood diffuses through the placenta and contacts the fetus. In experiments and during controlled clinical trials involving humans, the toxic and teratogenic effects of Ospamox have not been demonstrated.

Also, the development of teratogenic effects in animal studies during pregnancy has not been proven. However, during lactation it is important to limit the intake of antibiotic. Ospamox easily enters the breast milk and is absorbed from the baby's stomach into the bloodstream. In view of the risk of developing allergies, diarrhea and fungal dysbiosis of the intestines of children, it is recommended to stop breastfeeding during treatment with an antibiotic.

Class equivalents and generics of the drug

On the domestic market, a modern and safe preparation "Ospamox 250" has about a dozen high-grade analogues having different prices. They are produced by several companies and differ little from Amoxicillin from other manufacturers. Strictly speaking, Ospamox 1000 is a generic, like many other analogues in its composition and form of release.

On tableted preparations "Ospamox" the price is approximately 2/3 higher than for domestic analogues, issued by OJSC "Synthesis". The cost of it in pharmacies is about 200 rubles. With the same effectiveness, the selection criterion is the price factor. In view of the opportunistic features in this case, many give priority to the domestic drug, which can be purchased for only 30 rubles (20 pcs.).

Protected aminopenicillins

Pediatric analogues of Ospamox, Augmentin and Hikoncil in the form of powders for the preparation of a drug suspension are characterized by similar efficacy, as are more accessible Russian analogues. And the breadth of application of the latter, including domestic ones, limits microbial resistance to amoxicillin. Therefore, the most commonly used now are clavulanate-protected aminopenicillins. These antibiotics, (the names see above) have a stronger effect and a broader antimicrobial spectrum.