November 7, holiday in the USSR: title, history

November 7 - a holiday in the USSR, which was canceled in the new Russia. Is there a prerequisite for this and what did they offer us in return? A beloved and bright celebration turned out to be unnecessary in modern society.

What happened on this day?

The history of the holiday on November 7 in the USSR is a memory of the great revolution of the twentieth century. Until 1917, Russia was an autocratic monarchical state, which at that time ruled Nicholas II.

Rebellious mood in the country accumulated for several years, and it was October 25 in St. Petersburg began a riot of the common people against the inequality of social strata. Armed Bolsheviks took the Winter Palace (the seat of the provisional government), captured all important information points (newspapers, mail, railway stations) and the main military posts (city outposts, port).

The uprising was organized by the 47-year-old VIIlyanov (Lenin), the 38-year-old LD Trotsky and the 27-year-old J.M. Sverdlov. These people led the coup and were considered the main leaders in the country for several years. They created a new socialist state, a constitution and traditions in Russia.

What holiday was celebrated on November 7 in the USSR before 1990

It was completely called: Day of the Great October Socialist Revolution. Why did the "October Day" celebrate in November? Until 1918, the country was estimated according to the Julian calendar. But in February, Russia switched to the Gregorian calendar. The insurrection lasted two days, October 25-26 according to the old style, and in the USSR the holiday was celebrated in a new way - November 7 and 8. But the name remained as a memory of one of the greatest events of the twentieth century, which changed the course of world history.

In honor of this, thematic groups are created, called villages and districts, streets, businesses, cinemas. For example, in 1923 groups of children were created that called themselves October. The candy factory "Red October" is remembered and loved by many generations of Russians.

history of the holiday

November 7 (a holiday in the USSR) has been celebrated since 1918 for only one day. Demonstrations and parades took place in Moscow, in regional and regional cities of Russia. It was considered a day off, the "red" day of the calendar. In 1927, according to the decree of the Presidium of the Central Committee, the celebration began to be celebrated on November 7 and 8. In 1990, according to the decree of Gorbachev, the 8th number again becomes a worker. In 1996, this holiday was changed by President Yeltsin to "Day of Accord". In 2004, he was abolished by V. V. Putin and from 2005 became a working day.

The countries of near abroad still celebrate this day under the old name - October Revolution Day. These include Belarus, Transnistria and Kyrgyzstan.

Parade on Red Square

Since 1918, parades have been held twice a year, in which servicemen of the active army and military equipment participated: May 1 and November 7. The holiday in the USSR in honor of the October Revolution was a significant event for all working people. The parade was hosted by the leader of the people and the commander-in-chief, as well as the leaders of the main industries.

In 1941, the parades were temporarily canceled until 1945. During the Great Patriotic War, the country did not have the opportunity to withdraw military and technical equipment from combat posts. A special event is the passage of troops in 1945. For this celebration, a special selection of employees was conducted: age - under 30 years, height - 176-178 centimeters, military awards. After 1945, parades on Red Square were held only every 5 years. In 1995, the troops passed on foot, without military equipment.

Demonstrations in honor of the October Revolution Day

If the parades were held only in Moscow and large cities, then the demonstrations are an event of every settlement in Russia from the capital to the major settlement centers. All segments of the population took part in them: workers, schoolchildren, peasants and students. On November 7, a holiday in the USSR was accompanied by the enthusiasm and joy of every resident of the country.

Demonstration is a public event, the passage of people in groups along the main streets of the city in a single political mood. The procession is accompanied by music, slogans, flags, banners, portraits of the acting heads of state. The column of people taking part passes through the central part of the city, the main square and the rostrum with party and public leaders.

The best workers and pupils were volunteered for passage, the procession was accompanied by thematically decorated transport, songs, dances, acrobatic and sports numbers. Congratulations from the rostrum on the 7th of November. The holiday in the USSR, poems and poems about which the great poets of Russia wrote, inspired all the people. People believed that from the day of the Great Revolution they became free and happy.

The most important years (the chronicle of 1918)

Particularly memorable days are: the first celebration of 1918, as well as the parades of 1941 and 1945. November 7 - a holiday in the USSR, the congratulations of the people at this time were an important political step.

November 7-8, 1918:

• "Pantomime" on Red Square;
• Amnesty in honor of the 1st anniversary;
• The opening of monuments to Jaures, Marx and Engels;
• Rally and concert;
• The premiere of the thematic play "The Mystery-Buff";
• Lenin's speech for the staff of the Cheka.

Parade during the war (chronicle of 1941)

1941 year. For 5 months there has been a war with Germany. But comes on 7 November. What holiday in the USSR is possible, when the front line is a few kilometers from the capital? But Stalin makes a decision, which later historians will be called "a brilliant military operation." He holds the most grandiose parade, with all the modern military equipment in front of the enemy's nose. Half of the parts after the march along Red Square and personal farewell to the Leader of the people immediately went to the front. The printed editions of England and France were full of headlines and photographs of Russian soldiers, who march with the march and salutes. This move, "a holiday in the war," raised the spirit of the Soviet army. And Hitler, according to the recollections of his closest associates, infuriated him.

Preparation for the celebration began on October 24 under the leadership of generals Artemyev and Zhigarev. The uniqueness of the task was in the strictest secrecy, and the complexity - in the besieged position of the city. On November 6, Stalin holds a meeting in honor of the holiday in the metro (Mayakovskaya station). Congratulatory speech of the Commander-in-Chief is broadcasted throughout the country.

The main danger during the parade was represented by German aviation. It was believed that the German fighters would venture to fly beyond the city limits in order to destroy all the government of the USSR with one blow. In connection with this, on November 5, Russian planes bombed enemy airfields. And only the forecast of weather forecasters that due to low clouds the weather will be non-flying, defused the situation. At night, the Kremlin stars were lit, they removed the disguise from the Mausoleum, and in the morning at 8 o'clock one of the most important parades in our history began.

1945 year. Victory

The first year of peaceful life. Tired of the horror of the war, people want joy. After the grandiose Victory Parade, every event gives a new sense of peace, does not become an exception and on November 7. What a holiday in the USSR: congratulatory speeches, parade of veterans, salute! And all this is already on the brink of a cold war with America. Even the Molotov report on the Day of the October Revolution is the Soviet response to the provocation of the United States.

It was from this moment that the arms race began and the country's reputation, so rich in technical genius, was maintained. This confrontation between the two states will last until 1963. For 18 years, Russia will rebuild the destroyed cities, re-establish production. And by 1990, will begin to forget how the holiday was called on November 7 in the USSR.

Oblivion or rebirth?

In 1996, the holiday received a different name. In 2004, before the weekend was rescheduled for November 4 (National Unity Day), a social group of activists conducted a survey among young and middle-aged residents of the country. The goal is to possess information about the events of the October Revolution and its importance in the lives of Russians. Only 20% of the respondents answered the question about what holiday was celebrated on November 7 in the USSR.

What is it? The shortcomings of education or the real need of the modern generation to go forward without thinking about the history of their ancestors? In some cases, psychologists believe that in time to move away from a dubious event - this means correctly and more quickly move towards progress. Do we need a day whose significance died with the country?

Today, the October Revolution is an ambiguous phenomenon. It has a wide range of assessments of historians. The first point of view is an illegal seizure of power, which led the country to a totalitarian regime. Others argue that the uprising was necessary. It led Russia to a modern society not in a capitalist way, but it is a unique case in history. Thanks to the coup, the country escaped the political collapse that was inevitable after the abdication of the tsar. Territory would be divided into countries such as England and America. Russian traditions, nationality and even language would simply cease to exist.

In addition to these two opinions, there are intermediate statements about how events would develop if there were no revolution. For example, professor of history I. Froyanov believes:

"This is too important an episode in history, and putting a plus or minus sign is just not right. When there is simply a change of power , the term "political revolution" is more appropriate for this phenomenon. More than one generation will remember how the holiday was called on November 7 in the USSR, because it is a bright memory of the hopes and pride of the Russian people. "

This date asks for a rethinking of our descendants. They will weigh, analyze and compare the facts, which for us are still so emotionally close.