Neologisms of Mayakovsky: examples

Neologisms Mayakovsky - a very bright phenomenon in the n XX century. The poems of Vladimir Vladimirovich always differed in innovation and originality. For example, the poet very often violated poetic dimensions, emphasizing the rhyme. However, neologisms always attached the highest expressiveness to the lines of Mayakovsky. About them and talk in this article.

What is neologism?

Before we begin to disassemble the neologisms of Mayakovsky, let us define the term "neologism." So, this word has ancient Greek roots and consists of two roots: "neos" (translated as "new") and "logos", which means "word". That is, neologisms call new, only created words or combinations of words. In speech, they immediately become noticeable due to their freshness and originality.

Speaking about author's neologisms, they mean those words that were invented by the writer and used by him in his works. These neologisms, unlike those used in everyday speech, are mostly found only in the pages of literary works.

Why are there so many neologisms in Mayakovsky's texts?

Neologisms in Mayakovsky's poem is not just an attempt by the author to decorate his text, it is, as strange as it may sound, a social phenomenon. Scientists have long proven that the active formation of neologisms begins to occur at a time when instability or instability begins to develop in the country. Proceeding from this, it is not surprising that a huge number of neologisms appeared at the beginning of the 20th century. This time is characterized by a change of power in the country, and active urbanization.

By the way, the Futurists, to whom Mayakovsky belonged, proclaimed the beginning of the technological revolution and predicted a great future for technology.

However, in addition to these purely external facts, one should not forget about the talent of the poet himself. Mayakovsky invented new words in order to convey his feelings and sensations more clearly and figuratively. For example, "fried" sand (from the poem "Lilichka") - in this neologism there is much more emotion than in the words "hot" or "hot," it is a neologism from the word "fire", which introduces additional meanings: glow, burn , Burn, burn, lose (because in the event of a fire, something is usually destroyed), etc.

A little bit about the language of Mayakovsky

Neologisms Mayakovsky - an integral part of the original language of his poetry. But why did this method become one of the main ones for him?

As noted above, Mayakovsky treated the Futurists, or rather, to his direction, which was called kubofuturism. Kubofuturists believed that new forms were needed for the new time, so they actively supplemented and updated the language of their poetry. Their goal was to create an unconventional, original and fresh word. Mayakovsky as one of the cubo-futurists moved apart the word-forming framework of his native language, which enabled him to create original and vivid images.

For example, let's take a line from the poem "Lilichka" already mentioned by us: "... I will be demented, desperation is descended." These two neologisms (I'm crazy and unsheathed) help the writer to convey the state of the lyric hero very effectively.

The most interesting neologisms of the poet

Now let us list the most famous and unusual neologisms of Mayakovsky. Examples:

• "Heart-hearted" - this is the name Mayakovsky gives to people who could live on Mars (poem "About this").
• "Holocaust" -the poet gives this characteristic to the people who had to choose the power of the bourgeoisie or the Soviets, in his work "Vladimir Ilyich Lenin."
• "Drift" - this epithet goes to the ballerina Kshesinskaya, who was the favorite of Nicholas II.
• "Serpent" and "hammer-on" passport becomes the poet's pride.
• "Escape" - this characteristic is given by Mayakovsky to the house, from each window of which flowers were to be seen.
• "Bullfighting" and "meat-eaten" gang appears before the reader in the early works of the poet.
• The "camel-carreledrackers" squadrons are described in the poem "The Fifth International".
• "Mayor of Moscow" Mayakovsky called the police in the same poem dedicated to Lenin.

Neologisms Mayakovsky: "Extraordinary adventure ..." (poem)

The work was written in 1920, and the author became its main hero. The main theme is not easy, but noble poetic work. The poem is built on dialogues and is characterized by a pronounced journalistic start. The main artistic method was a comparison - Mayakovsky compares the poet's creative path with the life of the sun.

Now let's talk in more detail about what neologisms are used in the poem "Extraordinary Adventure" by Mayakovsky. More precisely, we list them and describe their function:

• "Gorbil" is a hillock - a comparison of a hillock with a hump.
• "Village" - the word village is used in the masculine gender.
• "Zlatolobo" - about the sun, that is, the "golden forehead" - the neologism is used for a more beautiful and capacious expression of meaning.
• "Ray-steps" - the rays of the Sun are compared with the steps that indicate the approach of the Sun to the Poet.
• "We see" - that is, we will get up - the Poet calls the Sun with him.
• "Sonnitsa" - the opposition to the word "insomnia", that is, drowsiness, a desire to fall asleep.

We listed all the neologisms in Mayakovsky's poem "An Extraordinary Adventure." From the examples given, you can see that the poet uses new words to give a brighter image to his poem, and also wanting to make his expressions more accurate and accurate.

Features of the formation of words in Mayakovsky

Studying the work of the poet, philologists realized that the words created by the writer are so many that one can create a whole dictionary of neologisms Mayakovsky. In addition, they derived certain regularities in the word formation of the poet. We list some of them:

• The writer often uses the prefixes "races" and "times." For example, "we will celebrate," "flutter," "wipe off," "break up," "I'll tell you," and so on.
• To the verbs, Mayakovsky likes to attach "you" and "to", which gives words such meanings as complete completion, completeness and exhaustion: "drill down", "pervert", "exhale", "poke out".
• Using with the verbs "for", the poet gives them the meaning of the beginning of the action: "whistle," "screw up," "zaturbadurila."
• Joining the prefixes "before" and "about" means bringing the matter to an end: "plank", "kissed".
• Part of the verbs Mayakovsky forms from nouns, using the above-mentioned prefixes: "posted", "vymetallized".

A few more examples of word formation

The neologisms of Mayakovsky are many-sided. For word formation, the poet uses not only prefixes, but also suffixes:

• For example, the obsolete suffix "e", which has not been used in Russian for a long time: "uncle", "lady", "guest", "junk" (this word, so widely used today, was first invented by Mayakovsky).
• Very often the poet uses diminutive and affectionate suffixes: "lucheniks", "pagan", "article", "life".

Conclusion

Thus, we can conclude that the poet's neologisms are not just a stylistic phenomenon, but a kind of original system that operates according to its own laws. It is in this system that the charm of Mayakovsky's poems lies, which to this day captivate readers with their imagery and accuracy of expressions. Therefore it is not surprising that Vladimir Mayakovsky became the most famous of all Russian cube-fataturists.