National Park "Bashkiria". Republic of Bashkortostan: attractions

The national park "Bashkiria" is known to a rather narrow circle of tourists. Local people like to come here on vacation, but guests from the near, and even more distant countries, do not meet as often as we would like. But in vain. After all, this place is worth it to be seen at least once in life. The nature of Bashkortostan is really unique. Here you can often find relict trees, and rare animals, and endangered species of insects.

This article is aimed at acquainting the reader with this amazing site on the map of the Russian Federation. Of course, considering the reserves of Bashkiria, the national park can not be ignored. And it is about him that we will try to tell as much as possible.

general information

The national park "Bashkiria", which will be discussed here, is located in the Republic of Bashkortostan, on the south Ural slopes, in the west direction from the watershed ridge of Uraltau. This territory is occupied immediately by three administrative districts - Meleuzovsky, Kugarchinsky and Burzyan.

The director of the national park Bashkiria, Ildar Yakupov, is a serious man, doing everything possible, and sometimes impossible, to maintain and ennoble the object entrusted to him.

The reserve was officially opened relatively recently, on September 11, 1986, and today there are 15 settlements in its borders, and the park area is 92,000 hectares.

The forest occupies almost 77 thousand hectares, i.е. 92% of the total territory. The most attractive places in the reserve are the Nugush and Belaya rivers, the Kutuk tract and the Nugush reservoir. Also, there are a lot of interesting natural monuments, which, of course, are worth seeing to everyone.

Where is the national park "Bashkiria" and how to get to the destination

We all choose the paths that can be considered simpler and more comfortable. If you decide to visit this territory, while in other regions of Russia or remote corners of the globe, it will be easier to do this, of course, by getting to the air.

The nearest airport is "Ufa", where aircraft from absolutely different points of the world fly to today.

Then from this village you should go to Meleuz or Salavat. This can be done by bus, which leaves from the South Bus Station or from the shopping center "Iremel". The ticket price is about 260 rubles. Then you will have to take the bus to Nugush. In total, the journey takes 1-2 hours for travelers.

History and reasons for creating

The national park "Bashkiria" was created with a definite purpose - to preserve a unique natural complex, which is inherent not only ecological and historical, but also purely aesthetic value. In this territory, the cultural and natural landscapes were combined so successfully (and still continue to be combined), that it would be simply blasphemous not to use it for educational, recreational, cultural and scientific purposes.

Like other reserves and reserves of our country, "Bashkiria" protects a certain natural area. In this case it is a whole complex of high mountain forests of the Southern Urals.

And the park began to be called only after almost 10 years after its formation. In October 1995, a special decree of the Russian government gave him that name.

Physico-geographical features

The areas of the Republic of Bashkortostan that form part of the park are located on the southwestern slopes of the Urals, or to the west of the Ural-Tau ridge.

The relief of this area is fairly dissected by river valleys. Water arteries form deep and at the same time narrow canyons. It is the rocky outcrops of the bizarre shape that the terrain owes to such stone objects as the Devil's finger, the Sphinx, the Duck's nose, etc.

The mountain rivers of the park are fed by snow, rain and groundwater. Interesting and unusual are local streams - Shulgan, Kutuk, Yuryash, Sumgan. In the upper reaches they disappear under the earth and move swiftly under the limestones, thereby forming karstic cavities.

The climate of Bashkiria is continental, with pronounced weather inconstancy. The average temperature in July is +19,7 ºС, but at times it can rise even up to + 41º С. In winter, the thermometer in the park sometimes drops to -48º С.

Features of flora and fauna

The nature of Bashkortostan is very rich. In the vegetative cover of the park area, the features of the steppe, taiga, broad-leaved and mountain-meadow flora are combined. In the central part of "Bashkiria" there are preserved massifs of forests with a lot of old trees and fallen trees. It is often visited by locals in search of mushrooms, berries and valuable medicinal plants.

A total of 15 rare and endangered species of representatives of the plant range have been identified in the park's flora, for example, hazel grouse Russian, redhead red, Claire's astragalus, Venus slippery present, iris low, etc.

The regions of the Republic of Bashkortostan are famous for the presence of favorable habitat for the brown bear, roe deer, wolf, lynx, ermine, mink, hare, etc. More than 30 species of birds living here are endangered. For example, black-throated loon, peregrine falcon, black stork, burial ground, golden eagle, etc.

What to see first

Like many other reserves and sanctuaries of the planet, "Bashkiria" has several remarkable and unique monuments of nature, which should be seen not only by local residents, but also by guests from near and far abroad. For example, the karst bridge Cooper. The river of the same name once disappeared in the canal under the ground. There she persistently pierced her way, destroying the cave. As a result, the roof of the latter almost completely collapsed, only part of it remained standing in its original place and now resembles a bridge with a width of just over 1 m.

Another noteworthy place is the speleological museum - the tract Kutuk-Sumgan. Here in different places along the river valleys there are amazing karst caves, curative springs, an impressive karst tunnel, a unique bridge, various funnels and wells.

In the caves you can see stalactites, bizarre stalagmites, a special chamber shape, pearls and numerous grottoes.

Many tourists are particularly delighted with the Sumga cave, but not only because of its beauty, but also because of the scale of the architecture.

Director of the national park "Bashkiria" does everything possible to preserve the uniqueness of this region.

Sumga-Kutuk Cave

The Sumga-Kutuk cave-gully is the most difficult and at the same time the most extensive cave of the Urals with the total length of the current installed at the moment 9860 m in length and 134 m in depth. Its cavity volume is 350,000 cu. M.

From Bashkir "sumkan" it is translated as "dived", and "kutuk" means "well". Non-professionals to get to Sumgang-Kutuk is quite problematic, because He is in the remote Nugush-Belsky interfluve. The entrance to the cave is a deep vertical abyss in 116 m, and it itself consists of three tiers. On the ledges in the walls of the mine in winter, ice build-ups, which almost never melt until the summer, intend. Due to the ice falls there is an additional danger for the speleologists.

Tragedies here, unfortunately, occurred repeatedly.

In one of the moves of the cave, a cow's skeleton was once found, so it was given the name "Cow's course". Having passed on it further, we can not but be amazed by what is happening around us. The dimensions of the individual grottoes are really impressive, the height of some reaches 20 m.

The Assembly Hall is the largest in the entire cave, there even has its own Everest, a clay hill forty-six meters high. In the Hall of Figures there is a special place for creativity, everyone can mold clay figurines here and leave for memory of himself.

The Cooper Falls and the Karst Bridge

Perhaps, the national park "Bashkiria" would not be so impressive if it were not for the waterfall of Kuperlya, which is located near the Nugush reservoir.

The source that breaks through the stones can be seen on the stream of the Cooper. It is here that the difference in altitude reaches 100 m in the extent of only a few hundred meters. And this automatically means that the tourists open incredible waterfalls, with a roar rushing down from the cliff. By the way, it should be noted that the water in them is clean, cold and very clear.

Above the canyon, just above the waterfall, you can see a karst bridge created by nature in the form of a huge arch 20 meters high, the length of the suspended part is 10 meters. Climbing uphill, everyone can enjoy the panoramic panorama on the river. Nugush and mountains.

The unique plant of the Bear Glade

In narrow scientific circles, the national park "Bashkiria" is also famous for its Medvezhye glade, which is an important botanical monument of nature. It was created 30 years ago, in 1985, with the aim of protecting a special representative of the local flora - the onion oblique, which is considered a very ancient plant.

The oblique onion has a fairly isolated relict area in the South Urals. This perennial plant looks like garlic. Since 1985, here almost constantly come groups of specialists engaged in its study.