Morphological analysis of the adverb, its signs

Morphology in Russian studies the existing parts of speech, which includes the adverb. This is part of the speech that does not change, does not bow, does not conjugate. An adverb helps to determine the sign of a condition, attribute or action, in rare cases - an object. A morphological analysis of adverbs gives a complete picture of a particular word. But here it should be noted that this kind of work can only be carried out for words that are part of the sentence. It is very important. After all, in the Russian language there are a lot of different shades of words, there are also homonymous parts of speech. Therefore, it is possible to give a correct and at the same time complete characterization of a word only if it is in a certain context, but not in isolation from all others.

In general, morphological analysis provides several characteristics:

1) the semantic (that is, the meaning that the word expresses);

2) morphological (specific grammatical features of the word being analyzed);

3) syntactic (characteristic of the word as a member of the sentence).

And, of course, every existing part of speech causes in this analysis a number of difficulties associated with grammar. Morphological analysis of adverbs is not an exception. It is often difficult to determine an adverb in a sentence. It is necessary to be able to distinguish signs that can be misleading by their syntactic position. Let's take, for example, this is the case: "It's time she fell in love ..." and "It's time to go!". In the first sentence, the word "time" is a noun, since it is a subject and determines the form of the predicate. In the second case, "time" is an adverb, since the form of the word does not change and the modality value is expressed to it.

The main grammatical attribute, which should be paid attention when the morphological analysis of the adverb is the invariability of the word. There are two categories of adverbs that differ in meaning:

- determinative (characteristics of the action itself and the characteristic);

- circumstantial (time, place and purpose of the perfect action, the characteristics of quality, the quantity of the attribute, and so on).

It is the property of immutability that indicates such a method of communication as contiguity. Any morphological analysis of an adverb defines its syntactic role as circumstances. But there are times when it expresses a predicate, more precisely, its nominal part. More often this occurs in impersonal sentences, for example: "It's quiet on the sea". Such adverbs are sometimes called a separate part of speech - a category of state or predicative.

Thus, the morphological analysis of the adverb is carried out according to the following plan. First of all, the very part of speech is determined and its general meaning is indicated. Further, morphological features are called . They have the following adverbs: rank by value, immutability and degree of comparison (in those words that end in -o, -e). The last step is to determine the syntactic role of the adverb in the sentence.

Scheme of morphological analysis of adverbs

1. The definition of the part of speech and the proof of its correctness.
2. Morphological (permanent and non-permanent) signs: immutability, rank by value, degree of comparison.
3. The definition of a word as a member of a sentence.

And now consider the morphological analysis of the adverb, examples of which can be found in many textbooks and manuals.

Black velvet bumblebee, golden mantle,

The hummingbone hummed in a weeping ...

(I.A.Bunin.)

1. It is disheartening - an adverb, as it indicates the quality of the action.

N. f. Mournfully.

2. Morph. Pr .: the adverb is a determinant, denotes the mode of action, does not change.

3. Buzzing (how?) Howling. The sentence is a circumstance.

When specifying a discharge, it is necessary to clarify the determinative or circumstantial meaning of a given adverb.