Monitoring (observation and system of actions) for the environmental state of the environment

People who have lived on Earth for many centuries have always been concerned with the problems of survival or the creation of conditions that are most conducive to life. And hardly at the dawn of mankind there were questions of saving the planet Earth itself. Unfortunately, such a moment has come. The unfavorable changes taking place on the planet, dangerous for the life of the planet itself, and therefore for all its inhabitants, became obvious. And the cause of danger is man himself. If in ancient times man observed nature, then, most likely, out of curiosity. Observations of modern man for nature have a different character - they are carried out consciously and purposefully. Gradually, an integrated system of actions was created. For the ecological state of the environment, people began to observe in order to save it. In the 1st century AD E. Guy Pliny in his own work "Natural History" wrote about observations of the natural environment.

Formation of ecology science

The method of human observation was used as a method of studying a natural object. The observation was based on a long-term perception of phenomena and objects of the environment. Gradually developed and formed a certain system of actions to monitor the ecological state of the planet. The results of observations were systematized, forming a whole science - ecology. Its main task was to study the relationships of different organisms among themselves and their interrelationships with the environment that surrounded them. Man began to understand the role of ecology in his life, began to notice and study the changes taking place in it, and in particular, highlighted the global violations in the biosphere, which were caused by his own activity. There was a threat of ecological catastrophes on a global scale. That is why the whole system of actions was required and organized. The ecological state of the environment was monitored at the state level. Environmental issues began to be discussed at international forums. Science ecology has become the basis and basis for emerging from emerging global crises. The term "ecology", which, in Greek, "oikos" means a dwelling or refuge, was introduced by the German evolutionist Ernst Haeckel as far back as 1866. The more the science of ecology developed, the more problems appeared before it, the solution of which was not always successful.

For the modern man, impotence has become apparent to the forces of nature, and the protection of nature has been determined as the main and important task .

The damage to the environment was equated with the crime against humanity. In this regard, the relevant legal norms and the penal system dictated by these norms have been developed. The daily task and concern of any society and every person in particular is the protection of natural objects in the form of a universal monitoring and control system and the whole system of actions proceeding from it. The ecological state of the environment is monitored both within each state and by the efforts of international organizations.

Monitoring

The natural environment and the environment of our habitat are subject to continuous changes in their nature, both in direction and in magnitude. The natural environment is also uneven in time and space. There is a so-called relatively constant level of indicators, with which new indications are compared. This average level can vary significantly only within a long time interval. In this case we are talking about natural, natural changes in the environment. Technological changes have a completely different character. The indicator of the average state of the environment in this case is unpredictable, it changes rapidly and dramatically. This is especially evident in recent decades. There was a need to study and evaluate various phenomena arising as a result of man-made impact. An environmental monitoring system or a set of measures to identify, track, and assess changes in nature was established. The main objectives of monitoring:

• Monitoring of the environment and sources of influence on it;
• Assessment of the state of the environment;
• Forecast of the state of the environment.

There are several types of environmental monitoring:

• The biosphere itself - ecological (including geophysical and biological);
• Factors of influence (ingredient), studying pollutants, as well as the influence of noise, heat and electromagnetic radiation;
• The living space of a person or his environment (natural environment, everyday, urban and industrial environment);
• Time, spatial;
• At various biological levels.

There are also territorial monitoring: global state, regional, local, "point", background (the basis for the analysis of all types of monitoring). A global monitoring and global system of action is being considered globally. The environmental state of the environment is monitored throughout the entire planet. The principles of the global system were first defined and formulated in 1971 by the International Council of Scientific Unions. The state of the biosphere attracted the close attention of scientists from all developed countries and all sensible people on Earth. As a result, in 1973-1974. Within the framework of the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP Program), the development of the main provisions of the Global Environmental Monitoring System (GEMS) was completed.