Modern underground houses: photo

Underground houses resemble a hill or a hole that almost merge with the landscape. Recently, more and more people are trying to acquire such housing outside the city. This can be considered a way to stand out from the crowd or become closer to nature. Buildings of this type are underground completely or partially. This is rationally beneficial not only at the time of construction, but also in the process of operation.

Underground houses are not so expensive, almost everyone can build them. In this case, it is important to comply with technological standards, so that the quality of the environment inside the house is at a high level. The ground has certain temperature features, which is why the described buildings allow saving energy. In addition, up to the most severe colds inside such buildings, heat is retained, which accumulated during spring and summer warm days. That's why the summer season can be extended.

Why choose an underground house

Soil acts as a rather bad conductor of heat. Due to this, the temperature passes through the soil for a very long time, which is beneficial not only in summer, but also in winter. As studies show, heat on the hottest day at a depth of 2.5 m penetrates only after three months. The coldest time of the year for these houses is spring.

Choosing a place for construction

Underground houses should be built on the terrain, which must first be selected. It's better if you can find the top of the hill. This will prevent the penetration of underground water inside the house. Windows are recommended to focus on all four sides, which will provide enough light.

When building a house, the upper part of the soil must be cut off, and after the completion of the work, return it to its place. In such homes, you can rarely find additional lighting. The natural rays are enough to get inside, you do not feel the difference between such a building and the usual house made of bricks.

Underground houses are of two types:

• Dipped;
• Underground.

The latter version assumes the location of the building under the ground and below the upper level. The cashed houses are above the ground level or partially hidden behind the level line. However, their surface is still covered with soil. After completion of the work, the soil is returned to the site so that it can become part of the site.

Features of building dugouts

Underground construction of houses may involve the creation of a dugout. In this case, the house is located on a terrain, which has a slight slope. The roof should be covered with soil, it is usually made of gable, in rare cases such a construction is vaulted or flat.

The entrance must be made from the end, providing it with a canopy. Steps are built to the door. Windows are usually found in the roof or pediments. As a feature of the dugout is the presence of only one floor. If you make two, then it will be an ordinary building with a basement. The width of the building depends on the span of the floor, but this value usually does not exceed 6 m.

For construction, it is necessary to prepare a foundation pit, inside which walls are built. It is important to waterproof them, install supporting poles, which then will be the roof. After the completion of the construction of walls and ceilings, as well as the laying of waterproofing materials, the roof is filled with soil.

Features of the construction of a slab house

If you are interested in the underground construction of houses, then you can choose a sloping building that is suitable for a flat site, a slope or a hill. The building will not be completely immersed, its upper part remains on the surface. The remaining walls are slashed, which reduces construction costs.

The house can have any layout, and the windows in this case usually go out on two sides. The first stage of construction will be excavation of the excavation. If the house is supposed to be built on the surface of the earth, and then protected by soil, then you can immediately go to the second stage - the erection of walls and roof. It will take waterproofing, which must withstand the load of the soil, therefore, it is necessary to carry out calculations, according to the norms. The house at the last stage is filled with earth, except for those areas where windows and doors go out.

Building Regulations

If you decide to build an underground house with your own hands, then you should follow certain rules. It is important to remember that the building will be exposed to moisture. Therefore, the building materials must be appropriate. For example, wood is treated with water-repellent impregnation. It is best to use monolithic concrete or ceramics. Aerated concrete is not suitable, because it is able to absorb moisture.

Before choosing a waterproofing it is important to consider all possible situations. The most common way of erecting an underground or slashed house is to dig a foundation pit. In this case, it is necessary to damp the house more than 1 m, in comparison with the planned size of the building.

On the outside of the house is a shallow foundation, the endurance of which is calculated taking into account the loads. If the thickness of the walls is not too large, the load of the soil should be taken into account. The roof structure is usually made on the basis of the rafter system, but you can use the method of installing the board.

Recommendations of specialists

When a residential underground house is built, concrete or brick can be used to build walls. In this case, the ceiling is made monolithic and has the shape of a vault. This design will be more hardy. Waterproofing of the floor and walls must be made in the form of a continuous contour. If the house is buried more than 1 m, then there is no need to heat the building. This applies only to the walls, while the roof must be additionally insulated.

When installing floors, it is important to lay waterproofing, thermal insulation and screed. At the final stage, a decorative covering is mounted. Modern underground houses should have a drainage system, which is located near the walls along the entire perimeter. In this case, the water will drain and go to the drainage pipe, which should be below the level of the house. The output must be sent to the gutter.

Houses with an underground garage

A house with an underground garage today is also quite common. This solution is relevant if you have a site that is limited in free space. Before the beginning of work it is necessary to decide - in full or in part the parking will be deepened.

The second option is more economical and lends itself to simple implementation. Too deep garages have some drawbacks in terms of excessive dampness and ground pressure. It is important to prepare a slab for overlapping, which should be reinforced and thick enough. Begin work is necessary with the calculation of the volume of materials. It is important to provide for waterproofing.

At the next stage, the pit is prepared, it is important to take into account the slope of the inbound track. Plates are placed on the bottom of the excavation, while lifting equipment should be used. Houses with an underground parking can be built according to the technology, which assumes at the stage of the erection of the garage the pouring of the bottom of the excavation with concrete. The foundation of the walls is formed using reinforced concrete slabs. They will be carriers, and therefore, they will be given a high load. On the side plates should be installed overlapping, which will serve as the first floor. An apartment house with an underground parking must have a waterproofing on the top of the walls. This will prevent the penetration of moisture inside the premises.

Method of construction

The walls and ceiling must also be covered with waterproofing. On the surface of the reinforcement mesh, and then covered with plaster. Preliminary base plane is treated with antifungal compounds. It is necessary to do this until the surface is covered with a primer.

The next step is to start the installation of the gate and the entry clearance. The design of an underground house, as well as an underground garage, should provide for communications. It is important to lay the cable, it will only be necessary to determine its cross-section. The voltage must be sufficient. Experts advise choosing a cable with tolerance upwards. Otherwise, you will come across the fact that the communications will not last as long as we would like. After the construction is completed, you can start installing the heating system.

Registration of entry to the underground garage

Underground houses, photos of which are presented in the article, quite often have also underground parking lots. In this case, it is important to correctly enter the entry. Too steep and short can cause inconvenience. In good weather, the complexities will seem inconspicuous, but during the rains you may not be able to cope with the task of entry. Plus, a lot of water will drain down.

The angle of inclination in this case is usually made in the range from 140 to 150 °. If this value is less, then you may encounter problems in the cold season. With increasing the depth of the garage, the length of the entrance should be increased. The arrival trajectory should be divided into separate zones. The first of them is the starting one, its length is usually 3 m. The slope in this section should be equal to 120 ° С. The second zone takes half the length, the angle varies up to 150 °. The third zone is called red and is located directly in front of the gates themselves. Its length is usually 1.2 m.

It is important to make sure that there are not too sharp differences between the sections mentioned.

Recommendations for arranging entry

When arranging the entrance, use materials that will have an anti-slip effect. Some craftsmen make braking serifs that will help during the ice and rain. Near the wall there is a pedestrian path with a handrail. This will safely go down inside and climb back.

With a gate installed storm drainage, equipped with a lattice. It is better to supplement it with a heating element, which will prevent the water from solidifying. On the sides of the entrance are set retaining walls, this will eliminate the collapse of the soil.

Construction of an access road to the underground garage

The formation of the road must involve the fall of soil, which will protect against failures. The road is covered with rubble, which is compacted well. The thickness of this layer can vary from 10 to 15 cm. The carrier layer, which will be the main layer, is made of a 15-cm layer of concrete.

It is important to ensure that during the drying of the solution, sun rays do not reach it. If the weather is too hot, then the surface is watered. Once the concrete has dried, you can install a coating. As it sometimes acts asphalt, paving slabs or other materials.

Ventilation installation

Ventilation for underground garage and dwelling is needed. The first method of installation involves the installation of a monoblock. This system will draw out the exhaust air and provide fresh air. The monoblock provides ventilation, and as its advantage is the ease of installation.

But if you are afraid of its high cost, then you should use the second method, which provides for the installation of a modular system. The design has two separate blocks, one of which is responsible for the inflow, while the other is for the outflow of air. The system has special sensors and provides automatic control of operation.

Conclusion

Waterproofing is one of the important tasks in the construction of underground houses and garages. It is carried out using a drainage system and the formation of a filter cushion.

It is not necessary to believe that this issue can be solved using the method of liquid waterproofing, which is used only indoors. In practice, this approach is not effective. Liquid waterproofing can be used as an auxiliary.