Methods of pedagogical psychology - similarities and differences with related sciences

The method is the path of investigation or the way of knowing reality. In every science there are methods and systems of techniques and operations that are used in the study of any phenomena.

The methods of pedagogical psychology are the same as in the related humanitarian sciences. Nevertheless, it should be said that experiment and observation are fundamental.

Observation is a deliberate, for a specific purpose and performed in the system perception of the external manifestations of human actions with subsequent analysis and explanation of behavior.

Experiment - systematic manipulation of one or more factors and recording changes in the behavior of the object of study.

Conditionally the methods of pedagogical psychology can be divided into 2 groups: the methods of organizing research and collecting information. The first include longitudinal study, comparative and complex methods. By the second - observation, experiment, questioning, testing, interview, clinical and standardized conversation.

Considering in more detail the methods of pedagogical psychology, such as collecting information, it should be said that testing is the questions and tasks that have been reduced to certain standards and that have a certain scale of meanings. Tests are used to bring individual differences to a standard. This method of collecting information requires some requirements:

- the age norm;

- objectivity;

- validity;

- Reliability.

Tests as methods of age and pedagogical psychology are represented by several types:

- tests of achievements, diagnosing knowledge, skills and abilities;

- tests of the intellects that reveal the mental potential;

- Creativity tests that study and evaluate creative abilities;

- criteria-oriented, which reveal the possession of ZUNS, necessary and sufficient for the performance of certain assigned professional or educational tasks;

- personal - the measurement of various aspects of the personality;

- projective techniques - those that study the personality, based on the psychological interpretation of the resulting projection results;

- Scaling - a method for modeling real processes with the help of systems of numbers and coordinates.

The subject and methods of pedagogical psychology differ from the psychological ones themselves only in that they study the patterns of upbringing and learning, using for this purpose the category and instrumental apparatus of other related sciences. Two groups of methods are added, since they have a significant impact on the development of the child: this is psychological counseling and psychological correction. The form of consultations can be either individual or group; The client is the child or his legal representatives. Correction and development classes are also held in various forms, if it is a preschool child, then a game is chosen in which he learns new skills.

In the work with children, methods of pedagogical psychology are used, such as the study of products of activity-we are talking about examining essays and tests to find out how much the material was studied, a questionnaire that reveals the motives of the teaching.