Methods and means of teaching in primary school

When teaching children in primary school classes it is very important to bring to the consciousness of students all the necessary educational material. For this, modern methods and means of instruction are needed. With their help, students can be interested in and help to master the children with the necessary knowledge, skills and abilities. This helps to cause a positive attitude towards the learning process not only among those who study with interest, but also in children who do not have a desire for study.

When preparing and conducting a lesson, the teacher has to face this task almost every day. In solving this problem, the teacher is helped by the methods and means of teaching. Methods of teaching are ways of interaction between the teacher and students, which are aimed at solving various learning problems. At the same time, the purpose of the teaching method is not simply to transfer knowledge, but to encourage the student to be interested in solving a particular problem and to awaken his need for new knowledge.

Methods and means of learning are inherently different from each other. The method is very closely related to the learning process and does not exist outside of it. As a variety of teaching tools, textbooks, visual aids, books, reference books, dictionaries, technical aids and so on are usually used. These tools can be used for completely different purposes, and they make it possible to change the learning process itself. That is, when using various means in the learning process, it is possible to change the teaching methods themselves.

If we consider the methods and means of learning in the relationship, then, first of all, all the methods can be divided into three groups:

1. Syllabic methods of teaching: explanation, story, conversation, work with the help of a textbook or a book.

2. Visual methods of teaching: demonstration of visual aids, observation, display of training videos.

3. Practical methods of teaching: written and oral exercises, laboratory works, graphics.

Modern technical means of teaching help the teacher to improve visual and practical methods. They help junior high school students to better learn the material and evoke its genuine interest in the learning process. For example, if you include in the story of the teacher a fragment of the video on the topic of the story, then the participation of the teacher and students in the learning process becomes much more active.

If we consider the constituent elements and the individual details of the method, they are already called methodical methods. If the method is used to master the main content of the material for study, then the use of various methodological methods helps the students of lower grades to study in depth certain topics and questions of the subject of study. Usually, when the methods and means of teaching students of lower grades are considered together, it is possible to find in practice a large number of the most diverse methods used.

Moreover, these methodical techniques can be both common for the study of various subjects, and individual, which help in studying only this particular subject. Already the teacher can choose those methods and methods of work that will allow him to convey the necessary knowledge to schoolchildren by awakening their mental activity. Also, the methods chosen help to develop in children and to support their interest in studying a particular discipline.

At the present time, intensive attempts are being made to classify all teaching methods. Such a classification is of great importance in order to bring all the known methods of teaching junior school children to a certain order and to build a system that will help to identify all their common features and characteristics and to identify all the strengths and weaknesses of different methods.