Meteorological station: types, instruments and instruments, observations.

Everything depends on the weather. First of all, when starting work, most of the services request a weather forecast. The life of our planet, a separate state, city, companies, enterprises and each person depends on the weather. Travel, flights, transport and public services, agriculture and everything in our life is directly dependent on weather conditions. A good weather forecast can not be made without indications collected by the meteorological station.

What is a weather station?

It is difficult to imagine a modern state without a special meteorological service, which includes a network of weather stations conducting observations, on the basis of which a short-term or weather forecast is made for a long period of time. Practically in all points of the planet there are meteorological stations conducting observations that collect data used in meteorological forecasts.

A weather station is an institution that performs certain measurements of atmospheric phenomena and processes. Measurement is subject to:

• Weather properties, such as temperature, humidity, pressure, wind, cloudiness, precipitation;
• Weather phenomena such as snowfall, thunderstorm, rainbow, calm, fog and others.

In Russia, as in other countries, there is a branched network of weather stations and posts distributed throughout the country. Observatories hold certain observations. Every meteorological station necessarily has a special site, where instruments and instruments for measuring are installed, as well as a special room for recording and processing readings.

Tools for meteorological measurements

All measurements are made daily and meteorological measuring instruments and instruments are used. What functions are performed by them? First of all, the following instruments are used at meteorological stations:

1. Familiar thermometers are used to measure temperature. They come in several forms: for determining air temperature and soil temperature.
2. A barometer is required to perform atmospheric pressure measurements.
3. An important indicator is the humidity of the air, measured by a hygrometer. The simplest meteorological station is monitoring the humidity of the air.
4. To measure the direction and speed of the wind, an anemorumbometer is needed, in other words a weather vane.
5. The amount of precipitation is measured by the precipitometer.

Devices used at weather stations

Some measurements need to be carried out continuously. For this use the instrument readings. All of them are recorded and recorded in special magazines, after which the information is submitted to Roshydromet.

• A thermograph is used to continuously record the air temperature.
• With a continuous joint recording of temperature and humidity, a psychrometer is used.
• Humidity is continuously recorded by the hygrometer.
• Barometric changes and indications are recorded by the barograph.

There is also a number of instruments that measure specific indicators, such as the lower limit of clouds, the level of evaporation, the indicator of sunshine and much more.

Types of weather stations

The main number of meteorological stations belongs to Roshydromet. But there are a number of departments whose activities directly depend on the weather. These are marine, aviation, agricultural and other agencies. As a rule, they have their own meteorological stations.

Meteorological stations in Russia are divided into three categories. The third category includes stations whose work is carried out according to a shortened program. The second-level station collects, processes and transmits data. The stations of the first category, in addition to everything named, have the function of controlling work.

Where are the weather stations?

Weather stations are located throughout Russia. As a rule, they are located at a distance from large cities in desert, mountainous, forest areas, where the distance from the meteorological station to populated areas is large.

If the terrain is distant and uninhabited, then the workers of the station go there on long business trips for a whole season. It is difficult to work here, as it is mostly north of Russia, difficult mountains, deserts, the Far East. Household conditions are not always suitable for family living. Therefore, employees have to live away from people for many months. By location, weather stations are: hydrological, aerometeorological, forest, lake, marsh, transport and others. Let's consider some of them.

Forest

For the most part, forest weather stations are designed to prevent forest fires. Located in the forest, they collect not only traditional weather observations, but also these meteorological stations monitor the humidity of trees and soil, the temperature component at various levels of forest massifs. All data is processed, and a special map with the most highly inflammable areas is modeled.

Hydrological

Observations of weather on different parts of the water surface of the Earth (sea, oceans, rivers, lakes) are carried out hydrological weather stations. They can be located on the mainland coast of the sea and ocean, a ship that is a floating station. In addition, they are located on the banks of rivers, lakes, swamps. The readings of these weather stations are extremely important, since in addition to weather forecasting for seafarers, they make it possible to make long-term weather forecasts for the area.