Mechanical jaundice: causes and symptoms of the disease

Mechanical jaundice is a very serious condition that is characterized by pathological changes in the tissues of the liver. In this condition, the outflow of bile from the bile duct is disturbed, as a result of which it partially penetrates the lymphatic and bloodstream, causing changes in the entire body.

Mechanical jaundice: its causes and course.

  In most cases, mechanical jaundice is the result of the development of malignant tumors and tumors. Less often this condition develops with cholelithiasis. Biliary tract compression can occur with congenital anatomical pathology, the presence of a scarring process, as well as in pancreatic cancer, cholangitis, duodenal diseases.

In violation of the patency of the bile duct, the bile capillaries begin to expand, which leads to penetration of the lymphatic system. As the disease develops, necrosis of hepatocytes begins. In addition, bile elements penetrate the nervous system, kidneys, heart, causing headaches, dizziness, dysfunction of the kidneys, angina pectoris, bradycardia and other concomitant diseases.

Mechanical jaundice: symptoms .

The brightest symptom of mechanical jaundice is a change in the color of the skin, resulting in the skin and sclera of the eye acquires an atypical yellowish color. In most cases, the temperature of a sick person rises to 39 and sometimes 40 degrees. Urine becomes saturated color, while the stool, on the contrary, becomes discolored.

In this condition, bile practically does not enter the intestine, which makes it impossible to assimilate vitamin K. This is why small bleedings begin in the patient's body, bruises and bruises appear. Patients also complain of constant itching.

As for the pain syndrome, its localization depends on the cause of jaundice development, the presence and location of the tumor. The most common acute painful spasm occurs on the right side, in the hypochondrium, and then moves, giving back to the scapula and axillary region.

The liver with jaundice, as a rule, is increased. When she palpates, the patient feels severe pain, and sometimes instinctively holds her breath.

Mechanical jaundice and methods for its diagnosis .

It should be understood that the diagnosis of such a disease should be dealt with only by a doctor. To begin with, he should familiarize himself with the patient's complaints, and then conduct an external examination.

In addition, a patient with a potential disease is assigned a series of studies. It is necessary to conduct a blood test for bilirubin, which is significantly increased with mechanical jaundice. In addition, there are a variety of specific studies that can identify the cause of the disease and prescribe appropriate treatment.

Mechanical jaundice: treatment .

The method of treatment can be determined only by a doctor and only after it finds out the cause of the disease. As a rule, with mechanical jaundice, surgical intervention is necessary. If the cause of everything is cholelithiasis, during the operation the doctors remove the stones and normalize the outflow of bile. In some cases, partial excision of the damaged duct is necessary, followed by the joining of free ends.

If the cause of jaundice is an infection, the doctors prescribe the appropriate antibacterial, antifungal or antiviral treatment. In some cases, liver resection is performed.

After surgery, the patient needs a special gentle diet, peace and care. If, during the development of jaundice, other organ systems other than the liver have been damaged, then special therapy is necessary, which allows eliminating the accompanying diseases. If mechanical jaundice is the result of tumor growth, further oncology should be treated by the oncologist.