Material stock is ... Definition, essence and features

Raw materials, taken from natural conditions, before being in the form of a finished product to the end user, undergoes various types of treatment. It is moved, combined with other materials. Moving along the chain, the raw material is delayed from time to time, waiting for the queue to enter the next stage of the life cycle.

What are inventories?

продукция, которая находится на различных этапах жизненного цикла. These are products that are at different stages of the life cycle. It includes various goods waiting for the queue to enter the process of individual or shop consumption. If the chain of participants involved in the transformation of primary raw materials into finished products and their promotion functioned as one conveyor, the deadlines could be substantially minimized. But in reality, you can not do without waiting.

Expenses

объекты, создание которых предполагает определенные расходы. Material inventories are objects, the creation of which involves certain expenses. Among the main types of costs associated with this, it can be noted:

1. Frozen funds.
2. Expenses for the maintenance of premises specially equipped for the processing of raw materials.
3. Salary of employees of the enterprise.
4. The constant risk of theft, spoilage.

The enterprise always bears expenses, creating a material stock. This, however, does not mean that the lack of raw materials will bring profit. It is necessary, otherwise the enterprise will suffer losses. The main losses that arise in the organization in the event that there is no material stock is the costs from:

1. Equipment downtime.
2. Absence of finished goods in warehouses when there is a demand for it.
3. Procurement of small lots of products at a higher cost.

Despite the fact that the formation of raw materials is always associated with costs, enterprises are forced to create it. If there is no material stock in the organization, this will lead to even greater losses.

Relevance of the problem

There are several reasons for creating a material stock. It:

1. Probability of fluctuating demand. In particular, we are talking about an unpredictable decrease in the intensity of the emerging material flow. The demand for products is unstable. His fluctuations can not always be predicted. In this regard, if the stock of material is insufficient, the enterprise may not be able to meet effective demand. In other words, the company risks being left without products on the counter and letting customers go without shopping.
2. Seasonal changes in demand for a number of products. As a rule, this situation is typical for agricultural products. For example, the harvest of potatoes is removed in early autumn. Meanwhile, this product goes along the commodity distribution chain all the year round. Accordingly, at some stage a material reserve should be formed . возможно за счет скидок на покупку крупных партий продукции. This is possible due to discounts on the purchase of large quantities of products. Actually, for this reason, many citizens keep a relatively large amount of food at home.
3. Speculation. The cost of some products can significantly increase. A company that can predict this leap will create a material reserve. позволит впоследствии получить прибыль при изменении стоимости товара. This will allow you to subsequently make a profit when you change the value of the goods.

Advantages of MPE

должна управлять грамотно, не допускать нерационального их расходования. The industrial organization (PO) has to manage its inventories competently, not to allow irrational spending. The presence of MPZ allows you to immediately serve consumers. You can execute a customer order in several ways:

1. Create the right product.
2. Purchase the product from another company.
3. Provide the product immediately from among those that are present in the warehouse.

The last option is considered the most expensive. This is due to the cost of maintaining stocks. Nevertheless, often in a competitive environment, the ability to immediately satisfy a buyer's need can become the determining factor in a market struggle. Important is the availability of spare parts for equipment in the warehouses of the enterprise. Breakage of machines can lead to long idle production lines. This is a very big problem, especially for those enterprises on which the process goes on continuously. Stop production will be quite expensive. In this regard, it is advisable to keep a certain stock of parts and mechanisms, which can quickly replace the elements that are out of order. The presence of MPZ significantly simplifies the management of the enterprise. In particular, we mean the creation of stocks of semi-finished products at various stages of the process inside the shops. Their presence makes it possible to reduce the requirements for the level of consistency of operations at various sites. Accordingly, the costs for managing production processes are also reduced.

Documenting

All operations carried out by the enterprise must have confirmation on paper. The primary documentation is used for accounting. It should be properly issued, have all the required details, signatures of responsible employees. Taking inventory of the institution, the warehouse manager checks the correspondence of the actual number of objects to the information of the accompanying documents provided by the supplier. In the absence of discrepancies, a receipt is drawn up. It is made in one copy. If there is a discrepancy (re-sorting, surplus, shortage), there will be no accompanying documents, act f. M-71. This document is formed in 2 copies. He acts as a receipt and the basis for clarifying the calculations with the supplier enterprise.

Inventory accounting

All primary documentation is monitored by responsible employees. It is the responsibility of the accounting department to control the legality, expediency, and correctness of the processing of operations for the movement of MPZ. After verification, the primary documentation is subjected to a taxi, that is, the quantity of raw materials is multiplied by the cost. In practice, several methods of accounting for MPEs are used.

Variants of information reflection

Information from the primary documentation is entered in special cards. They can be opened for each variety and type, in accordance with the volume of reception and expenditure of values. The difference between these cards and warehouse documents is that the indicators are reflected not only in kind, but also in monetary terms. At the end of the month on the basis of information, quantitative-sum, varietal, negotiable analytical sheets are formed. The information from them is checked against the indicators of the corresponding synthetic accounts and information of the warehouse cards. Another way of accounting is the grouping of all incoming and outgoing documents for nomenclature numbers. At the end of the month, the responsible employees perform a count and record the results of the receipt and expenditure of each type of MPZ in the turnover sheets. In them, information is reflected in the physical and monetary indicators for each warehouse separately, on synthetic accounts and sub-accounts open to them. This method significantly reduces the complexity of the process. In this case, it is not necessary to fill out analytical cards.

The balance method

This method of accounting is considered more progressive. In this case, the varietal warehouse indicators are not duplicated either in separate analytical cards or in turnover sheets. As registers are the documents that are kept in warehouses. Every day, or on other specified dates, the accountant checks the accuracy of records made by the storekeeper and certifies them with a signature. At the end of the month, the manager of the warehouse, and in some cases the supervising employee, transfers the quantitative indicators of the balances for the first number of the period for each item number from the warehouse card to the balance sheet (without income, turnover and expense). After checking and confirming the signature, it is transferred to the accounting department. Here, the remains of the plant are fixed at fixed prices and their results are shown for individual groups and for the entire warehouse as a whole.

Disposal of the plant

может осуществляться по средней фактической стоимости группы объектов или единицы имущества. Writing off of material stocks can be carried out on an average actual cost of group of objects or property units. Enterprises have the right to use both these methods. However, the method provided for the MPZ group is applied continuously throughout the year. The procedure established for determining the value of valuables remains unchanged throughout the reporting period. At the actual price of each unit, precious metals, stones and other non-interchangeable items are written off.

An Important Moment

When decommissioning MPZ, special attention should be given to the design. The natural loss of property is shown in the records on the basis of acts issued in accordance with the established procedure. The retirement of valuables due to theft, losses, shortages is also reflected in accordance with the documents. At the same time, guilty persons are charged with amounts to be collected. Municipalities and state organizations use an act to write off material inventories to reflect information. This document acts as the basis for making entries in the statements on the retirement of valuables from the accounts.