Mass information is information disseminated through the media

Broadcast, that is, the transfer of knowledge at the same time to a large number of people, is mass information. This is information, the essence of which is not all knowledge of mankind, but the part used for orientation, management or active action for the development, improvement and preservation of the specifics of all communication systems. In the social subsystems there is a circulation of social information, which consists of messages, knowledge and information about the social system.

Differences of specialized and mass information

Levels of consciousness are divided by interaction with practice: functioning directly - mass, and requiring abstract thinking - specialized. Also in the information plan there are two levels - specialized and mass information. This information for widespread use, we can say - replicated in the masses. It requires detailed consideration, since it certainly has value as a central category, for example, in journalism, radio and television.

There it is supposed to use it as a source material to form a mass consciousness. This is the case, although according to all laws the consciousness of the masses is formed with the help of information content, that is, phenomena of the social life itself, which only reflects mass information. This information is of cardinal importance for the awakening of civic activity, which in no way refers to specialized.

About freedom of the press

Freedom of the press, that is, the independent functioning of the media, must have constitutional guarantees in each country. Freedom of mass information is a somewhat broader concept, which is treated by the same political right of all citizens to establish means for the dissemination of absolutely any information products.

This is the first constitutional personal human right in the common law, which is the freedom of the mass media. For the first time these human rights were proclaimed in 1789 and secured by the French declaration. The development of the media led to the adoption of relevant laws in democratic countries.

Law on Mass Media in the Russian Federation

The priority of the adoption of the Law on Mass Media is the abolition of censorship, that is, officials do not have the right to require editorial offices to pre-approve the materials. This state of affairs existed only in the twentieth century from 1917 to 1922, and the next RF law on the media came out only 68 years later - in 1991.

Amendments to the current law came into force in September 2012: they are talking about a warning against information that is harmful to the health and development of children. Moreover, the RF Law on the Media, in Article 25, has acquired a new clause on the prosecution of the media in cases of violation of this resolution, and Article 27 is supplemented with information on age restrictions that the media are required to report in the course of the demonstration of film programs.

New restrictions

In February 2016, the law on mass information introduces a restriction on the participation of foreign individuals and legal entities (with dual Russian citizenship, too) in the RF media capital, and now they can not directly or indirectly control or own more than 20 percent of shares or shares. Previously, there was also a restriction - up to 50 percent, but only for radio and television companies. This innovation is explained by the information war against the Russian Federation, as well as the de-ishorization of its economy.

The media market estimated the number of affected media outlets from this innovation in 35% of the total amount of funds that Russian mass information uses. This is information obtained on average from different estimates. The adoption of such a document is most likely connected with the Forbes magazine and the Vedomosti newspaper, which almost completely existed on foreign capital, wrote a lot on socio-political and economic issues and carried out editorial policy independently of the Russian authorities, which does not exclude dependence on investors.

Types of media

The mass media are the bodies whose prerogative is the public transfer of information, using appropriate technical means for the collection, processing and subsequent distribution of messages to a mass audience.

Here you can name according to the legal documents of the Russian Federation:

• Periodicals;
• Network publications;
• TV channels;
• Radio channels;
• TV shows;
• Radio programs;
• Video programs;
• Newsreel programs;
• Any other form of periodically distributed mass information, having a permanent name.

All this is called media - the media, which received this term in the 70s of last century.

Territory of media distribution

Regions in which the media are distributed may depend on the administrative-territorial division of a particular state. The main indicator of classification is the way that the mass media disseminate in the society, it is the serviced territory, and not the place of publication. Thus, we can distinguish a number of subclasses:

• Transnational media (international scale, that is, in the territory of several countries);
• National media (working throughout the state or a large part of it);
• Regional mass media (where the service zone is a separate administrative unit of the country or its historically formed part, with characteristic features of one kind or another - Altai, South Ural or Western Siberia);
• Local media (district, city, corporate, and so on).

The audience in most cases prefers regional media to everyone else, and this is mainly due to the fact that the local editor usually takes into account the main demands of the population, and their pricing policy is more democratic.

The procedure for establishing media

The mass media are sources available to the institution both to legal entities and individuals, and restrictions in this do not have a wide range.

In Russia, the procedure for the establishment of the media is registration, it differs from the permissive one in that it is less strict, the administrative bodies simply confirm the application for the creation of a printed body and put this body on the register. Audiovisual media, plus it is necessary to have a license for broadcasting.

Media audience

The dissemination of mass information can be carried out depending on the direction: the specialized ones have a specific theme and are oriented towards a certain part of the audience, and general media can be spread more widely. If the target audience is clearly defined, then the objectives of the entrepreneurial activity will be achieved, and the development of the mass media will receive a certain stability.

Sociological research determines that in many cases even journalists themselves do not have a sufficiently adequate idea of the audience they serve, they do not understand who the publications are intended for. Therefore, materials are very often depersonalized, averaged, and the media themselves - the media - become similar to each other.

Legality of the media

The relationship between the current legislation and the media can be different, depending on the role of mass information in each particular case. Thus, there are media that are authorized by law, registered and granted admission to broadcasting or publishing activities. These media are legal. But there are also quasi-legal mass information - this information is not forbidden, and not allowed by law. The third type of media is illegal, that is, banned law, but continuing activity.

The transfer to the category of illegal occurs through the cancellation of broadcasting licenses, registration certificates and similar documents. The reasons can be very different. For example, some media literally abuse information freedom, not only misleading the audience, but they do not disdain either slander or open sabotage to the state in whose territory they exist. There is also the fourth type of media regarding legality: a periodical, the circulation of which is less than a thousand copies, does not need registration.

Quality of the media

There are two varieties: the press of opinions and the news press. These characteristics of the media receive in connection with a number of factors: here, and the specificity of design and style, audience and issues, distribution and replication. The quality of the media in this regard is determined by the availability of verification of the facts presented, in order to exclude unreliable information, the desire for a calm balance and analyticity of all assessments and opinions expressed, the intonation itself plays a huge role in the publication.

Mass information is usually focused on the entertainment of messages, where sensational materials are preferable, and quite a lot of attention is paid to purely pictorial or expressive means (to lie more beautiful). The quality of the publication primarily determines the professional skills of journalists, which is now very rare. In the mass media, the standards are very rarely high both in our country and abroad, a mixed format of publications prevails, where sometimes one can see really high-quality material against a background of mediocre, faceless or frankly cheap.

Internet Media

Traditional media are gradually giving way to virtual media since the emergence and ever wider distribution of the Internet. In its framework, almost immediately began to operate all the traditional forms of mass communication, have won tremendous popularity and are winning every day a larger and larger audience. Almost all print media have their own sites on the Internet, Internet TV and Internet radio are developing rapidly. In this regard, the number of people reading paper editions is inevitably reduced, and the number of copies is decreasing.

International satellite technologies provide communication in fractions of a second, and therefore the weight of the mass media has increased enormously. In Washington, it is called the "CNN effect," and it does not sound like a compliment, it's just the broadcast is full of the ominous messages of this news channel. In principle, what media do not now seek to give the audience the most profound emotional reaction? Some media outlets succeed to the extent that people immediately begin to act, forgetting justice, and even not so important - they are legitimately acting or not.