Kulakovsky solid waste landfill: problems and their solutions. Solid domestic waste removal

Everyone understands that in the process of people's daily activities, various types of waste appear. If they are not disposed of for at least a couple of days, garbage mountains start to accumulate. The trouble is not so much that every such spontaneously created dump of domestic waste creates an impartial picture of urban yards. In addition, it exudes stench, poisons the environment, attracts rats and mice - carriers of dangerous diseases. In order to avoid such situations, and the condition of the streets and courtyards of our cities always corresponded to sanitary norms, hundreds of employees of private and state organizations engaged in the export of solid waste are selflessly working. So that the townspeople do not need to worry about the problems with garbage.

But what to do to people who, thanks to the same selfless workers, are forced to live by the garbage dumps for years? As an example, we can name the Kulak solid waste landfill. Those who unwillingly turned out to be his neighbors have been fighting for several years to close the test site. A huge garbage dump creates the same problems as small garbage heaps, only dozens of times grandiose. Everyone, including the authorities, understands this, but they are inactive. The alarm is only beating people who are forced to endure this nightmare.

The emergence of the Kulak garbage dump

In the Kursk direction, about 50 km from the Moscow Ring Road, the city of Chekhov, drowning in greenery, stretches. At 4 km from its borders there is the village of Manushkino. Now it has over 1,600 inhabitants. In 1983, a modern school was built in the village. Its bright, with large windows, the building is surrounded by a school area of more than 3 thousand square meters. M. There is organized an educational and experimental site, where pupils broke up beds, planted flowers. A little less than 300 children are attending this school.

On their trouble, in 2005, near the school, enterprising businessmen organized a landfill, known as the Kulakovo SDW landfill. Residents of Manushkino at first did not pay much attention, that literally a couple of hundred meters from the street by Geodesic cars began to take out the garbage. Everyone considered this a misunderstanding, which should soon be resolved. But time passed, the village leadership did nothing, and the garbage mountain grew up and spread out in breadth. Her stinking body gradually destroyed the forest land and was selected to a picturesque lake on the banks of which the Manushkins loved to rest. Now you can not see the pond under the debris layers. All that is left of it - old photos and memories.

Characteristics of the landfill at the moment

Kulakovo SDW landfill is a sad picture. This place looks like the Apocalypse was comprehended by the earth: on a huge area you can see all kinds of rotting debris, scraps, pieces of something, discarded as useless, corpses of animals, something in garbage bags of varying degrees of integrity and size. According to local residents, in the piles of garbage they happened to see parts of human bodies, unsuitable medicines, used syringes and so on. The mountains of garbage periodically break out, and then they smolder for a long time, spreading malodorous smoke around the area.

"Work" at the homeless scrap heap, looking for junk that can still be sold. They live right there - in the huts built from the wreckage. How many of them die here, no one believes, because these people are buried very simply - buried here, in a landfill. The height of the garbage mountain above the sea level exceeded the level of 182 m when laid according to GOST 170 m, and its body occupied 13.6 hectares according to official data, and 27.6 hectares - unofficial. Every day here comes about 300 cars, which as a whole add to the existing MSW more than 7,000 cubic meters. M of new.

Norms and rules for waste management

Export of solid waste is not the simplest thing. On the one hand, waste must be disposed of somewhere, and on the other - wherever they are unloaded, they will, to a greater or lesser extent, harm the environment. In order to simultaneously solve these two problems, there are legal acts and norms.

The Administrative Code of Russia has articles regulating the activities of companies engaged in the export and disposal of solid waste. Thus, Art. 8.2 prescribes the imposition of a fine on the jur. Persons up to 250 000 rubles for violation of environmental norms when storing or disposing of solid waste, as a result of which the ozone layer is destroyed. Part two of Art. 8.6 prescribes the imposition of a fine on Jurassic. Persons up to 40 000 rubles for damage and destruction of fertile lands. Part Five of Art. 8.13 prescribes the imposition of a fine on yur. Persons up to 50 000 rubles for damage to water resources. Part 2.3 of Art. 8.31 prescribes the imposition of a fine on Jurassic. Persons up to 100 000 rubles for damage and pollution of forests by various types of waste.

There are relevant articles, which prescribe the rules for working with household waste. According to these rules, SHW should be sorted according to the hazard class (from 1 to 5) and in accordance with the class, exported, stored, disposed or bury.

Compliance with the law at the Kulakovsky test site

The company "PromEcoTech" unloads garbage in the city dump near Manushkino. According to the villagers and according to acts of independent environmental assessments, she constantly violates the laws of the Russian Federation on all of the above articles. The lake was destroyed by the company, contaminated more than 7 hectares of forest, and the environment is poisoned daily. For the sake of justice, it must be said that a penalty of 28 million rubles was imposed on PromEkoTech. However, the export of solid household waste continues, and here it violates existing norms.

So, environmental expertise No. 45-9 in 2015 decided that the Kulakovsky landfill should be carried out only 17 vehicles per day. At the same time, they should unload to this landfill no more than 24 cubes of garbage. Monitoring shows that cars arrive at the landfill for about 300 units per day, and they dispose of garbage more than 7,000 cubes. But the main violation is that Kulakovo SDW landfill is located only 260 m from residential buildings and 436 m from the school at the existing rate of 500 m.

Position of official ecologists

The Kulak solid waste landfill in Chekhov was not ignored by environmentalists. Elmurod Rasulmukhamedov, who is the chief ecologist of the country, actively helped people of Manushkino restore justice and achieve the return of the ecology of the area of former purity. He conducted explanatory work with the local population, assuring that everything would be done for the good of the people, and in parallel, helped to make 7 more hectares of Lesfond land legally transferred to SDW. This is such a duality.

Igor Kolesnikov, the head of the Chekhov Ecological Inspectorate, acted somewhat differently in this situation. This official directly and openly supported the proving ground and activities of PromEkoTech. By the way, when the official ecologists measured the distance from the test site to the school, it miraculously extended from 436 to 501 meters, that is, exactly fit into the permissible norm.

The authorities' position

In the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation there is article 5.59, according to which a fine (up to 30,000 rubles) is imposed on officials, if they do not react to the signals of the population about violation of any organization by the ecology. Local authorities are not held accountable for anything, because they did not remain indifferent to the problem of Manushkin.

Even Alexander Kogan, who is Minister of Ecology of the Moscow Region, visited the city dump. Having talked with the inhabitants and having listened to their claims, he promised to understand. As a result, it turned out that PromEcoTech does not violate anything.

I was also interested in the question of the testing range and Andrei Vorobyov, who holds the post of governor of the Moscow region. All that he did for Manushkin, - asked permission from the president of the Russian Federation to transfer an additional 7.2 hectares of forest land for solid waste.

Residents of the village wrote complaints to the Rospotrebnadzor. Its representatives took samples of air and soil and made a verdict that all the contaminations are within acceptable limits.

Position of local residents

Seeing such an incorrect attitude to the problem of officials, the activists of Manushkino began the struggle to close the Kulak solid waste landfill. In their actions they followed the laws prescribed in the Constitution of the Russian Federation. Thus, Art. 42 states that every Russian has the right to an environment that is conducive to life, and to truthful information about her condition. And Art. 68 of Federal Law No. 7 states that any citizen has the right to monitor the state of his natural environment. Federal Law No. 82 also establishes the right to organize voluntary societies engaged in monitoring the state of the environment in their locality and taking measures to improve it.

An initiative group was created in Manushkino, headed by Nikolai Dijur. The activists conducted their own measurements, which showed that the school was still 436 m from the landfill, and the village hospital - 400 m. Water samples were taken in the nearby Sukhoy Lopasnie River. In some places, the distance from the landfill to its bed does not exceed 100 m. All measurements and analyzes of water in which harmful chemicals were detected in quantities exceeding the MPC were sent to the appropriate authorities.

Stages of struggle: victory and defeat

Manushkin residents are doing their best to close the landfill. However, the elimination of landfills is an extremely difficult matter, because household waste appears daily, and it is necessary to export it somewhere. That is, instead of a closed polygon, another will necessarily appear. The old landfill should undergo reclamation, which is obligated to take over the company owning the landfill. In this case, it is PromEcoTech. Prior to the beginning of reclamation it is necessary to stop taking out garbage to the landfill, which "PromEcoTech" does not fulfill yet. Therefore, residents of Manushkino have justifiable fears that the company is not going to produce any other work that requires significant funds.

Activists organized a picket, blocking the passage of cars to the dump. Employees of PromEkoTech immediately accused them of creating a situation threatening the ecology of the Moscow region, since garbage accumulates on city streets. Residents of the village sued the company and lost. As a result, no one accepted the decision to close the landfill, and the plaintiffs were presented an account for 450,000 rubles for conducting a number of examinations.

Cardinal measures

Without an answer to the question of when the Kulakovo SDW landfill will be closed, the activists of Manushkino made a desperate decision on an unlimited hunger strike. The brave five in the person of Nikolai Ismailovich Dijur, Tatyana Nikolaevna Volovikova, Bella Borisovna Skazko, Yuri Alekseyevich Burov and Mikhail Vasilyevich Burdin officially launched their action on June 1. On June 5, the state of their health was checked by the doctor Nadezhda Emelyanova. The action of the hero fighters was supported by the parties of the LDPR and Rodina.

Wind of Hope

The activists are starving, because they are already tired of the inaction of the authorities. However, under the pressure of the public, the case of the Kulakovsky test site is gradually moving towards a logical conclusion.

In the company "PromEcoTech" there were regular changes. So, a new director of the Kulakovskiy landfill was appointed. Who is he, is interested in everyone who cares about the closure of the landfill, but there is no reliable data on this issue. The former management of the company enclosed the site with a fence and ennobled the entrance area. The current leadership, headed by Andrei Pogonin, General Director, is working more purposefully. So, in April 2017, a subbotnik was organized, in which all employees (58 people) were engaged in cleaning the areas adjacent to the landfill. In the future it is planned to organize subbotniks regularly, and in addition, to plant trees and shrubs.

The closure of the Kulakovsky testing site is scheduled for 2018. Even now, the soil is delivered there, which is necessary to cover the body of the garbage dump and to stop the foul odors. Let's hope that the polygon will be closed after all.