In 1918, during the civil war, Baku oil and Donetsk coal ceased to flow into Russia. The lighting in houses and on streets was extinguished, the majority of enterprises stopped, low-power power stations stopped working. The country was in danger of collapse. The young government of Soviet Russia was looking for ways to resolve the energy crisis. They remembered the local fuel - peat and brown coal of the Moscow region. After all, in 1914, the first in the world GRES Power Transmission was already working on the peat in the Moscow region with a capacity of 15 MW.
In the autumn of 1918 they found a place on the bank of the river. Oki near the village of Ternovo. Here, Kashirskaya GRES was built. The passing railway was used to transport fuel. In March 1919 the project was ready, and in April construction was started. The Defense Council declared the construction a most important task for the state. The necessary resources were allocated, but they still did not have enough. In June, more than 500 people worked at the construction site, and in a year more than 2,000. By 1920, the construction part was completed. But because of all sorts of inconsistencies and lack of organization, only in October 1921 the first generator was put into trial. In November - a test run of the second generator. The first electricity was supplied to the network by Kashirskaya GRES on April 30, 1922. Official launch and grand opening took place on June 4, 1922. In the 20's and 30's, technologies were developed for the use of local fuels - brown coal, peat, etc., and capacity was increased Stations up to 205 MW (according to the project GOELRO - 60 MW). Combined production was also tested : electricity and heat for industry and residential sector.
During the Great Patriotic War, Kashirskaya GRES, to the last extent, was the only one to provide the city of gunsmiths of Tula (almost surrounded by Germans) with electricity. One of the wires of the Kashira-Tula power line was used for the reliable and secret communication channel of Tula with Moscow by high-frequency telephones (high-frequency communication). In the same weeks, the main equipment was being evacuated to the east. Reanimate the station began in January 1942. In February 1943, they received pre-war power. After the war, power units with supercritical steam parameters were built, and the power was brought to 2 MW.
In 2012, Kashirskaya GRES-Trudozhenica solemnly celebrated its 90th anniversary. All these years, almost a century, it provided people with light and warmth, and industry - with energy.
Iriklinskaya GRES is located on the bank of the river. Ural, in the Southern Urals. For the construction of this station, the Iriklinskaya HPP (Hydroelectric Power Plant) with a capacity of 30 MW was first built with the formation of a reservoir for the operation of the state district power station. Work began in 1963 and continued until 1985. The power plant has 8 power units of 300 MW each. In 1975, the first stage was put into operation - four 300 MW units and two 300 MW blocks built earlier the first. The capacity of the first stage is 1800 MW. The second stage - 2 blocks of 300 MW was built in 1978 - 1979, and in 1985 the second stage was put into operation together with the village Energetik. The total capacity from the Iriklinskaya HPP is 2,430 MW, the heat output is 121 Gcal / h. The main fuel is Bukhara natural gas. GRES provides electricity to the Magnitogorsk plant complex, enterprises of the Orenburg and Chelyabinsk regions, Bashkiria and Kazakhstan.
Here much attention is paid to reducing the impact on the environment. In 2012, a bypass canal was constructed and water consumption from the reservoir was reduced by 20%. Also a device is built to repel fish, and not allowing it to get into the pumps of the power plant.
Permskaya GRES is located on the shore of the Kama Reservoir , 70 km north of Perm. It has three steam power units of 800 MW each with a total capacity of 2,400 MW and a heat capacity of 620 Gcal / h. GRES provides electricity to the Perm Region, the Urals region, etc. The construction of the power plant began in 1976 on the right bank of a huge man-made sea - the Kama Reservoir. In 10 years the first power unit was put into operation. The project fuel is coal, real fuel is gas from Yamburg and Urengoy.
In the near future, the launch of a new power unit with a combined-cycle cycle, which has an efficiency of more than 56-58%, while the efficiency of steam-power units does not exceed 43 - 45%. This block is planned to be put into operation in 2015 and to increase the generation of electricity from the same amount of fuel by 20-25%.