Journalism is ... History and the basics of journalism. Faculty of Journalism

The profession of a journalist can be obtained in a huge number of universities around the world. However, the specificity of it is learned in practice, is comprehended through experience. The choice of the university depends on what media area the applicant is going to study.

There is such a job - to know about everything

Is journalism a service or a vocation? Of course, first of all, it is a profession where you need your skills and abilities. The journalist is able to compose an essay, get an interview, make a press release. Also this specialty is distinguished by constant contact with people from different areas. Therefore, a real press officer is able to inspire confidence in them and receive the necessary information. This detective, and the actor, and the writer in one person. Of course, such a multifaceted activity leads to a rapid expansion of horizons.

Walking notebook

A real shark of the pen can be recognized by a special look. The press worker looks at the world greedily, searching around for the information guide, the source of the initial data for the material and new social contacts. This, of course, does not mean that the famous prototype named Paparazzi from the movie Fellini is a true journalist, demonstrating tactlessness and intrusiveness. But without the agility in the media there is nothing to do. After all, as Vladimir Pozner said in the "Slander School" program, journalism is magic, which is present only in the present moment.

To make good material, the reviewer must prepare information, compose his own review and publication with properly placed accents. Therefore, very often the press can be recognized by a notepad for entries or a new-fashioned gadget that performs the same function.

A talented media officer knows how to present the news in such a way that it is impossible not to read it. It is very important in the news work to clearly present the picture of what is happening, to examine the heterogeneity of materials and to fix the attention of the audience on the main idea with the help of mastery of the word.

Of course, many people think that journalism is the younger sister of literature, and it has to do with art as a painter to painting. However, very often talented writers choose this path, together with this writing beautiful stories and novels. It is possible that it is precisely the modern way of life that made the reclusive writers of people leading a socially active life. Now the author is looking for his heroes not in the inner space, but in the crowd of onlookers. This is a brief portrait of a modern press worker.

Basics of journalism: material preparation

News - this is the magic essence, obtained as a result of the work of a professional columnist. The media is important information. Facts and real events make the material interesting. There is no room for speculation and reflection in the news media. Any institute of journalism hones from its students the ability to separate the main from the secondary. Students are trained to deduce the main idea, to find important information during the investigation, process the data and it is interesting to present the material. This is the basis of journalism.

Also students study different directions, which really differ from each other in techniques and style of presentation. Newspaper journalism, radio and TV journalism require different skills.

In addition, there are such areas as photojournalism and advertising. However, almost all of them require a good command of the word. To write articles for a printed publication, it is important to be able to concisely expound the facts, the radio needs a virtuoso oral speech, for television activities, in addition to the above, it is necessary to be able to work in the frame.

I have a spacesuit - I'm ready to travel

Very often, adolescents want to learn the profession of a press officer, but do not conduct their own journalistic investigation about a suitable educational institution. The choice, as a rule, falls on the closest to home or prestigious high school. However, it is also necessary to take into account the specifics of the department.

In Russia, almost every major city has the opportunity to obtain a quality philological education. However, there are a number of universities that provide highly specialized education in an area that is of interest to the entrant.

Of course, this is the journalism of Moscow State University, the faculties of journalism of MGIMO and the Institute of Mass Media of the RSUH.

International journalism appeared in MGIMO in 1968. As for the Massmedia Institute, the RSUH is committed to teaching high-level humanitarian education in conditions dictated by the information age.

MSU is the basis of journalism in our country, therefore the faculty will be considered in more detail.

All graduates of the three largest universities have the opportunity to learn how to create media materials on their own, as well as freely navigate information, find it where an ordinary person is incapable. Not every faculty of journalism provides an opportunity to get an extensive practice, as it happens in the largest universities of the country.

Foreign universities

The most authoritative faculties and universities in the world, preparing journalists, have their own unique traditions of education. But if earlier the vector of education was chosen proceeding from the internal needs of the country, now, in the era of globalization, classical schools increasingly make programs more universal. And at the same time students are given the opportunity to get a unique experience. It is for the acquisition of professional mastery from media gurus that students overcome unthinkable distances and language barriers.

The school of journalism, which is considered one of the most authoritative, is located at Columbia University in the USA. Here we train the masters of the pen in all major directions.

Journalism in the field of law and economics should be sent to the University of Madrid, Carlos III. Basics of mastery of writing are taught here through the prism of social and human sciences.

Scientific journalists receive the necessary experience at the University of Dortmund. Here natural and technical disciplines are taught, graduates defend scientific work on the chosen problems. In addition, Germany is preparing a technical press masters. This is done by Fachhochschule Bonn-Rein-Sieg. Informatics, exact sciences, automated control techniques are taught here, like the history of journalism or the stylistics of the native language.

At the University of Australia , University of Western Sydney studies business, sports and political journalism. But media professionals who specialize in art analysis, are sent to study the skills in the New Zealand Institute of Technology. There are also musicians, photographers and designers. Thus, New Zealand produces not just highly specialized journalists, but professionals at the junction of the two regions. The second example of combined training is at the University of Navarre in Spain. Here, students specialize in philosophy, and after graduating become reporters-analysts.

Student internship in other language environments is still relevant abroad. For example, the school of journalism in France practices trips of students to Italy. In Italy, a different culture, a different experience for students. As a result, special journalism is taught here. Universities around the world offer their programs and requirements.

Window to Europe

Such Russian universities as MGIMO, RGGU and Moscow State University send their students abroad. The Institute of Journalism provides an opportunity to gain foreign experience. The main condition for this is the presence of a mature language exam and several years of study at a basic university.

If the applicant is self-seeking journalism courses, then all the hardships of paper red tape fall on him. In addition to these tests, it is necessary to provide an autobiography, a certificate of financial solvency, recommendatory and motivational letters. It is desirable to prepare a portfolio of works published in the media. Registration fee, housing payment and specialized payments are all paid in private. At the same time, a part of foreign universities appoint a scholarship to foreign citizens and provide a hostel.

News spreaders

Sometimes journalists are called representatives of the second ancient profession, hinting at the ability to present news in the light in which they are ordered. However, in Russia, press employees appeared relatively recently - in the century before last.

The name is taken from French and means "diary" (from journal). Moscow publicists were engaged in periodicals. Even under the reign of the tsars Mikhail Fedorovich and Aleksei Mikhailovich, the first manuscript editions of "Courant" and "Vestovye Letters" were published, mostly in them were translations from European newspapers: German, Swedish, Polish and Dutch. The news was read out to the tsar and to the close boyars. And in 1702 the first test "Vedomosti" came out, consisting again of foreign news. Peter the Great himself found time in his schedule to select the most valuable information. In 1703 the publication began to appear regularly on Tuesdays and Fridays.

Thus, news carriers appeared a very long time, but journalism could develop only after the appearance of the printing press and the needs of the general public for fresh information. This need arose in the 17th century, an era of technical boom, when the manufacturers began to monitor the current economic information. The merchants needed to know in which countries it was possible to purchase materials and where new machines for production had appeared. In addition, the publications reported prices, which made it possible to learn about the competitive market.

In the same period, the mass media are showing great interest in state structures. Now the press is a "riding horse" of ideological, religious and political games.

The history of journalism is closely connected with the general level of literacy of the population.

Mikhail Lomonosov made a big contribution to the domestic news sphere. His work "Discourse on the duties of journalists" laid the vector of the development of the profession in the 19-20 centuries. It was on the basis of the scientist's ideas about what the national press should be like, the work of the almanac Bell, Moscow Telegraph, Otechestvennye zapiski, and Polar Star was being built.

The October Revolution gave birth to the "New World" and other printed publications, including Izvestia, Komsomolskaya Pravda, and Sovetskaya Rossiya.

The Legacy of the Fatherland

One of the largest faculties of the country, preparing journalists, is journalism of Moscow State University. There are 14 departments at the faculty, among them: the department of foreign journalism and literature, the department of the history of the domestic media, literary criticism and journalism, the stylistics of the native language, television and radio broadcasting, newspaper technology, new media and communication theory, and others. Immediately, the preparation of photojournalists, editors, and Internet authors is carried out. The Faculty of Journalism of Moscow State University provides training in various forms: day, evening and correspondence. However, in recent years, recruitment to correspondence courses has been suspended. On the daily form are newspaper, photo, radio, television, international, sports, business journalism.

Major specialties such as newspaper, television, radio journalism, as well as editorial and public relations, can also be studied at the evening department.

All students master social, political, philological and specialized disciplines. Particular attention is paid to studying technology and methods of creative activity, preparing materials for TV programs and radio programs, organizing the work of the editorial staff, acquiring skills in publishing, creating and promoting network media, and convergent media content.

On the basis of the faculty there is a huge scientific and educational platform, represented by the Ibero-American Center for the Study of Journalism and Culture, the Free Russian-German Institute of Journalism, the Center for Media Studies in Scandinavia and Finland, the Franco-Russian, Russian-Japanese, Italian-Russian, Russian-Indian, Russian -Chinese centers. Students can perfectly master foreign languages, study media systems and principles of different states, participate in foreign exchange programs provided by the journalism faculty. The training program is constantly being improved.

History of 60 years

The Faculty of Journalism of Moscow State University for 60 years have graduated more than 20,000 people. Among them - the notorious Vladislav Listyev and Anna Politkovskaya. Among contemporary media stars, it is worth recalling Marianna Maksimovskaya, Ernest Mackeviichus and Alexey Pivovarov from entertainment media: Evelina Khromchenko, Ksenia Strizh, Dana Borisova, Tutta Larson, Andrey Malakhov. Immediately the famous writer Dmitry Bykov and the poet Vera Polozkova studied.

Not only the graduates are impressed, but also the composition of the teachers. Thus, the journalism of Moscow State University is represented by more than 165 representatives of professors. Among the scientific staff are 97 associate professors, PhDs and 32 professors. Many graduates who graduated from the journalism faculty continue to teach here. Among them - radio presenter Svetlana Sorokina, music critic Artemy Troitsky, editor in chief of Echo of Moscow Alexei Venediktov. For all these people, journalism is more than a profession, it's a vocation, so learning from them means not only comprehending the elements of mastery, but also revealing your own talent.

Epicenter of the Student Universe

It is believed that the monument to Lomonosov is not only the history of journalism, but also the place of strength of writers and writers. Here come the young students, recent graduates, here is the place of partying journalism.

All the studies in the university are saturated with a special atmosphere, because the students spend a lot of time together. They produce an optional edition of "Journalist", they prepare internal programs and programs themselves, actively develop media media.

Mugs of journalism are primarily creative workshops and studios. Here the guys learn to defend their opinions, listen to other points of view and give comments to each other at the level of high quality feedback.

Hand over to become your own

In order to study at Moscow State University, the university, like any other journalism university, offers applicants to withstand entrance examinations. Today they include the Unified State Examination in Russian and Literature. In addition, it is necessary to pass also foreign languages, among which, in addition to English and German, take an exam in French and Spanish.

Literature is considered a specialized subject, and the results of a creative contest are also taken into account.

The receipt itself is carried out in two stages. On the first, the best creative compositions are selected, and on the second one, a choice is made in favor of those entrants who adequately withstand the interview.

For bachelors there is an opportunity to enter a magistracy (the term of study is 2 years). It is enough here to withstand an interview and provide a diploma of higher education.

The duration of training for specialists in the second higher education is 3 years. Tests here are the same as when enrolling in a magistracy. Training takes place on a fee basis, however, everyone can attend professorial lectures and master classes of leading professionals, among them journalists practicing from the leading media resources.

Young journalist

For schoolchildren of the 9th and 10th grades who want to prepare for the introductory tests, journalism courses are conducted. In order to participate in the training program, you need to pass a test task. Also, applicants can attend another institution - "School of a Young Journalist." For classes in the school-studio you need to write an essay and withstand an interview. Journalism courses last 9 months. At the school-studio the duration of the training is 1 or 2 years. Journalism is a vocation, and it is better to understand this at a young age.

They say that a journalist, a writer, a critic are not born, but they become. However, if from childhood you notice the love of pen and paper, the opportunity to compose and communicate it to others, express your opinion and listen to someone else, then you definitely on the way with the sharks of the pen.