Isotonic solution

Isotonic solutions are multicomponent mixtures consisting of chemicals dissolved in distilled water. In fact - it's aqueous formulations, the ingredients of which are some substances, also contained in the liquid part (plasma) of the blood. For example, a substance such as sodium chloride entering the isotonic solution is also present (with a mass fraction of 0.9%) in the blood plasma. Intravenously administered sodium chloride in solution is necessary to maintain the process of one-way diffusion of water molecules into a medium with a higher concentration of dissolved substances. Osmotic pressure equals the concentration of dissolved substances in the extracellular fluid and in the blood plasma. Due to correction of osmotic pressure, fluid deficiency in the body is replenished during dehydration (dehydration).

The simplest isotonic sodium chloride solution in distilled water is also called physiological solution in medical practice , but this is conditional, since the preparation does not contain all the ingredients (for example, potassium salts) necessary to maintain the physiologically normal state of the tissues of the human body. It is produced in ampoules of 10, 5 or 2 ml with 0.9% sodium chloride in water. There are also several more complex isotonic multicomponent compounds. For example, "Disol" contains 6 grams of sodium chloride and 2 grams of sodium acetate trihydrate in 1 liter. Produced in bottles with a capacity of 0.4 liters and 0.2 liters, used for detoxification and rehydration. In addition, such drugs as Trisol, several versions of Ringer's solutions, Chlosol, and Acesol are used.

The solution for infusions "Chlozol" contains in 4 liters 4.75 g of sodium chloride, 3.6 g of sodium acetate trihydrate, 1.5 g of potassium chloride. The combined preparation is used for detoxification, plasma substitution, rehydration, as a diuretic, antiaggregant or antishock agent. It improves microcirculation of blood, prevents its thickening and development of metabolic acidosis, reduces hypovolemia, intensifies diuresis. This isotonic solution is available in vials of a capacity of 0.4 liters or 0.2 liters. The drug refers to VED. Contraindications are alkalosis, hypersensitivity, hyperkalemia, chronic renal failure, or restrictions on the administration of large amounts of fluid in the body. There may be side effects such as hyperkalemia, edema, chills, tachycardia.

It is indicated for use in the dehydration and intoxication (food toxicoinfection, dysentery, cholera El-Tor) isotonic solution "Acesol", which, like "Khlosol", is produced in 0.4 l or 0.2 l bottles by the Nesvizh plant of medicines Belarus). Qualitative composition is similar to the drug "Chlosol", but differs in the concentration of ingredients: in 1 liter dissolved 5 g of sodium chloride, 2 grams of sodium trihydrate and 1 g of potassium chloride. Indications for use and contraindications are the same as for the drug "Khlosol."

Saline, which reduces hypovolemia, metabolic acidosis and blood thickening, intensifying diuresis and improving capillary circulation, which has detoxification effect, has the trade name "Trisol". It is produced in 0.4 liter and 0.2 liter bottles. This isotonic solution contains in 1 liter 5 grams of sodium chloride, 4 g of sodium bicarbonate and 1 g of potassium chloride. The drug is used for diseases associated with intoxication and dehydration of the body, including acute dysentery, food poisoning, cholera El Tor. When the drug is administered every 6 hours, the ratio of the injected and isolated liquid is monitored. If hyperkalemia develops, the solution is replaced with a drug containing sodium chloride and sodium acetate until the electrolyte balance is normalized.

In the preparation of these preparations, the sequence of administration of each ingredient is observed, and until the previous one is completely dissolved the next salt is not added. Any isotonic sodium chloride solution is prepared on distilled water. It is obtained by distillation in special apparatuses, which are called distillers. They should be made of glass. The water obtained in the apparatuses of metal is not suitable for the preparation of isotonic mixtures, since it contains metal ions, which have a harmful effect on the tissues of the body. The same strict rules are available for the introduction of each drug, they are contained in the instructions, and the way of conducting (intravenously, in enemas or subcutaneously) is determined by the doctor. Store the medicine in sheltered places at a temperature that is recommended by the manufacturer. Before use, the solution is adjusted to the body temperature of 36-38 ° C.