Intensive and extensive method of farming

In practice, extensive and intensive methods of farming are known. In this article, more attention will be paid to the first of them.

Briefly about the intensive method

This type of management provides for accelerating the turnover of production assets, which contributes to an increase in profitability indicators of business entities. It also ensures the growth of the effectiveness of the results of social production.

The intensive method is connected with the technical re-equipment of the national economy. Therefore, it is recognized as sufficiently effective in machine building, where in a relatively short period of time high labor productivity will be achieved , as well as the efficiency of production itself.

Also, an intensive method is often associated with agriculture, where in this case additional investment of financial resources is envisaged for land reclamation and improvement, as well as the use of new combines and other machines.

Agricultural production with the development of capitalism mainly proceeds along an intensive path, which involves the vigorous introduction of technological progress. Various achievements in such sciences as biology, biochemistry and genetics, make it possible to raise the fertility of lands by artificial means. Differentiation of land in the context of characteristics, for example, economic fertility has significant differences from natural fertility.

Different industries with development along an intensive path have much in common. However, each of them still has features. The leading role for most industries is the renewal of technology. For example, for agriculture, this is an increase in yields in crop production and productivity in livestock.

Definition of the extensive way of development

The extensive method of farming, on the one hand, contributes to the development of the economy through an increase in productive resources. On the other hand, it creates prerequisites for limiting the opportunities for qualitative improvement of economic processes. From a practical point of view, the extensive method of farming is quite rare in its pure form. Basically it is combined with an intensive way of economic development.

Characteristic

Extensive methods of farming are inefficient both in the production process itself and in its management. This type involves achieving an increase in the scale of design due to the increase in the number and number of different design organizations. As mentioned above, the extensive method of farming is ineffective and it is characterized by the presence of certain boundaries, due to some limited material and labor resources. This species may require not only an additional number of engineers and technologists of high qualification, but also significant additional costs.

Extensive agriculture

This type of farming can be characterized by such features:

- after the abolition of serfdom, large feudal landholdings were preserved;

- gradual transformation of the landowners' estates into capitalistic estates;

- a long-term combination of economic methods of capitalist and semi-serfdom.

As a vivid example of this kind, Russia can be considered. Thus, capitalism in the given state developed at a rather slow pace, and at the same time it was a heavy burden for the simple peasantry, who bore the burden of the survivals of serfdom.

The extensive method of farming is often limited by the natural and labor resources available. At the same time, the main emphasis in achieving an increase in production is on expanding the acreage. However, such growth can be achieved through intensive use of previously involved lands. Therefore, sometimes it is necessary to attract additional finance for the same land plot, despite its productivity and previous investments.

Limited extensification

Extensive methods of farming in the sphere of social production are limited. The expansion of production volumes from a physical point of view has certain limits, which are due to certain state borders, the number of working class, and restrictions on the availability of natural resources.

Modern mankind today can not use only extensive methods in agriculture. In this intensive way is based on increasing soil fertility, which is associated with the mandatory use of fertilizers. However, the violation of the technologies for their use, as a result of which there is an adverse impact on the environment, has a multifaceted impact on some components of the biosphere itself. Therefore, social life and the economy should be reoriented from an extensive method to an intensive type of development.

Disadvantages of the extensive method

When assessing the result of production and economic activities in terms of using cost indicators, enterprises should be oriented towards extensive farming practices. In what kind of society can negative phenomena occur, time will tell. For example, the drawbacks include the withdrawal from the list of cheap products, the urge to increase the material intensity and labor intensity, which ultimately leads to a restraint in the development of scientific and technological progress. So, the development of virgin land in the 20 th century (60's) presupposed the existence of an extensive development path in agriculture due to the introduction of new additional lands into circulation, while maintaining the old material and technical base.

Ways of development of various spheres of activity

Extensive methods of farming in those industries in which CAD are used prevail.

Also, one of the main directions of development of this path is the gas industry. The extensive method of farming involves the development of the continental shelf, deep drilling and the growth of the gas production factor (passing) as an intensive method of economic development.

So, we will summarize the material presented in this article. It should be noted that the extensive method of farming is unacceptable in the face of the deep economic, social and political crisis that is observed all over the world today. And the modern economy, because of its indifference to man, becomes an essential brake on all social progress.