Inoculation of apple trees in August by cuttings and other means

The grafting of fruit trees consists in combining one culture with another. After such an event, two components grow together and continue to live as a single organism. The best period for oculation is spring, and it is better to do this until the plant wakes up completely from wintering, when young ovaries form on its shoots. If it was not possible to plant in the spring, then the apple trees are vaccinated in August.

Causes of budding of trees

There are some factors that indicate a culture inoculation. Here are a few of them:

• Poor fruit quality;
• Plants often get sick;
• In connection with age, the apple tree ceases to bear fruit;
• Little free space in the garden;
• To increase the resistance of the tree to low temperatures;
• If the trunk of culture is severely damaged.

Basic methods of grafting

Inoculation of apple trees in August Is made by several methods:

• Cuttings;
• In the butt;
• Kidney;
• To the root.

Cuttings

In the summer, the incubation falls on the middle of July and the beginning of August. At this stage, the second phase of sap flow occurs. As a kidney, one-year-old cuttings with sufficiently developed scions are used. Take them only from the tested healthy trees, which have good annual growth and are characterized by high yields. It is necessary to preliminarily prepare a one-year increment by tying it into bundles, attaching labels to them with the name of the variety and putting them into storage. As a rule, cuttings are prepared at the beginning of the winter period, but they can also be prepared before the swelling of the ovaries.

To inoculate plants, one-year-old kidney growth, cut from the center, is used with 3-4 grafts. The length of the cuttings should be approximately 25-45 cm. The surface cut is always shortened "on the kidney", and the inner part of the scion is cut off, depending on the method of budding. The grafting of the apple tree in August by the cuttings is necessarily performed by inoculum and a very sharp knife. The length of the sloping section should be 3-3.5 times larger than the diameter of the kidney, and its appearance smooth. Between the cut and the flat surface of the knife blade, gaps are inadmissible.

How to store them?

Finished grafts are placed in basements with a temperature of 0 ... +2 degrees and keep them there before budding. The lower parts of the cuttings are placed in moist sand or sawdust. If the cellar is missing, then the kidneys are wrapped in wet sacking and stored in an unheated room until a permanent snow cover is formed. Then remove the packaging from them and carry them into the snowballs.

That in spring the cuttings do not melt so quickly, they are placed from the northern part of the building and covered with any heat-insulating material (needles, peat, sawdust). After a warm winter, the raw material can be prepared in the early spring, but you should know that sprouts with frozen wood are no longer suitable for budding.

Apple graft in August in the butt

The grafting in this way makes it possible to extend the time for ocularization. When it is performed, incomplete separation of the cortex is possible. A positive feature of this method is the absence of swimming eyes.

For grafting in the butt on the plant, cut the tongue of the bark: first at an angle of 45 degrees, making a diametral incision, and then, moving away from it 3-3.5 cm up, make a longitudinal cut. At the same time, the tip of the knife is slightly deepened, not reaching 1 cm to the transverse undercut. As a result, a notch (wedge) appears, which ensures fixation of the shield and facilitates the tying of the graft.

The technology of grafting apple trees in August goes further in the following order. To cut off the scutellum, the kidney is held in the left hand by the crown of the head. Under the selected cuttings at 1.5 cm from it and at an angle of 45 degrees with a knife, a transverse incision of the bark is performed, slightly burrowing into the tree. Then, set the knife 2 cm above the scion and perform the axial section of the shield until a diametrical cut is made. Shield is installed on the harvested place on the plant and tightly tied.

To be safe, eyepieces are often made with two eyes. At the end of three weeks after inoculation, their survival is controlled. If successful inoculation, the stock does not fall or is easily separated. On the kidney with the unhandled cuttings, a secondary budding is performed from the back side of the stock, shifting in height, or postponing its holding for the spring period.

How to Inoculate the Kidney?

Inoculation of apple trees in August by the kidney is the most popular method of budding. It even works well for those who have never done this before.

The survival rate of the grafts under ideal weather conditions is quite high (95% and higher). The middle of July and August are considered the best time for summer grafting. In which month to conduct the procedure, everyone decides for himself, studying the branches in the cultures from which the cuttings will be collected.

Scions should be ripe, ovaries - developed. During the inoculation, it is necessary that the bark on the plants be easily separated from the tree. To do this, you need to take a knife and try to cut it off on "unnecessary" shoots to get the expected vaccination of the apple tree in August. A photo illustrating the process is presented below.

Before you start the exercise, you can practice cutting off the kidneys. First a cut is made for the rootstock (the flaps should be learned to cut quickly so that the incisions are not worn out). To do this, you need to use a very sharp knife. Next, remove the leaves from the scions, keeping them from the petioles (they are very convenient to keep the scutes with the kidneys). The stalk should be shortened simultaneously with the shield 0.5 cm wide and 2.5-3 cm long. It is necessary to engage the bark, but only a thin layer - it is better not to thicker than a paper sheet. Too tight shields are poorly received.

The process of budding

It is required to vaccinate only on strong branches developing perpendicularly upwards. This shoot is the trunk of an apple tree, so the bigger it is, the better. Next, you should carefully insert the shoot into the prepared T-shaped incision (it is permissible and in the usual cut, but it is more difficult to fix the eye). The edges of the bark need to be turned with the tip of the knife, then tightly squeezed, gently holding the shank, and well wrapped with electrical tape.

In August, the apple-tree is grafted, as a rule, in dry weather, and for the best separation of the bark of the plant 2-3 days before the incubation abundantly watered. You can also wipe the trunks with a damp cloth to get rid of dust and dirt. The area of grafting on the tape, as well as below and above the location of the eyepiece, is best covered with clay or garden varnish, then there will be no appreciable volatilization of moisture, which is necessary for good survival.

It takes about one month for the vaccine to take root. Then you can remove the bandage. To find out if the grafting was successful, you can only leaf the kidney. If it dries and it is difficult to detach it from the cuttings, then the incision was not successful. With a positive effect, the graft does not wither and after a certain period it will easily fall off.

Inoculation of apple on root in August

This method is a salvation in the situation when, at the wrong time, a new type of kidney was acquired, and there is no plant for this tree. Cuttings of apple trees can be completely nipped on the root systems of each other, and also planted with a deepening of the place of inoculation and further humming of the growing branch.

The roots are the most correct to cook in the fall, immediately after the fall of the fall. But it is also allowed in the early spring, simultaneously with the thawing of the earth. It is better if the roots are with lobes and forks. Their length should be 15-20 cm, the thickness - not less than the thickness of the grafted kidneys. Prepared from the fall of the roots tied in bundles and stored in the same environment as ordinary plants.

In August, inoculations are planted in open soil, in paths that are covered with soil by the degree of development of the cuttings, and then hibernate. With sufficient care, abundant watering and fertilizers, wonderful one-year-olds are formed by the autumn, in which the stock is removed, since the kidney has already formed its root system.

The inoculation of apple trees in August will require increased care in the first year. The tree needs to be watered constantly, thin out the leaves, mulch the ground and feed it with organic. But if everything is done correctly, then in 2-3 years the plant will please the owners with their fruits.