Innovative project: example, development, risks and performance evaluation. Innovative projects in school or in business

An innovative project is a complex system of actions aimed at achieving certain goals in the development of science and technology. They are connected among themselves by the executors of the events, terms and resources. An innovative program is a complex of interconnected innovative projects, as well as projects that are aimed at supporting activities with this direction. At the moment, the popularity is gaining innovative projects in the Dow, examples of which inspire the creation of new educational programs.

Level of scientific and technical importance

Innovative projects, as well as technical solutions and ideas that they implement, can have the following levels of scientific and technical significance:

• Modernization (the basic technology is not subject to drastic changes);
• Innovative (the design of the new product differs significantly from the previous one);
• Leading (the design was created due to advanced technical solutions);
• Pioneer level (new technologies and materials that did not exist before).

The level of significance of the innovation project determines the complexity, scale, features of the promotion of the results of the process and the composition of the performers. This will affect the content of the project management.

Classification of innovation projects

Innovative projects can be classified as follows:

1. By the nature of the objectives:

• Finite;
• Intermediate.

2. By implementation period:

• Short-term;
• Medium-term;
• Long-term.

3. According to the needs that the project satisfies. They can focus on creating new ones or meeting the needs.

4. By type of innovation (creating a new or improving product, reorganizing the management structure, etc.).

5. According to the degree of decisions taken, they can have the following character:

• Company;
• regional;
• Branch;
• International federal.

6. The scale of the tasks:

• Monoprojects are projects that are carried out by one company in strict financial and time frames, and have an unambiguous innovative goal;
• Multiprojects are complex programs aimed at achieving complex goals;
• Megaprojects are multi-purpose programs that combine a number of multiprojects that are connected by one hard-to-reach goal.

Each project goes through certain stages of its development from its origin to its completion. Their totality forms its life cycle. It is customary to divide into phases, them - at the stage, after which - at the stages. They vary depending on the organization of work and the scope of activity.

Development of an innovative project

When creating innovative projects go through the stage of development, implementation and completion. It is worth paying attention to the main stages:

• Formation of ideas;
• Exploring opportunities;
• Preparation of documentation for contracting;
• Preparation of documentation for the design of the project;
• Work on the implementation of the program;
• Monitoring of economic indicators.

At the design stage, attention is paid to the success and effectiveness of the project. However, the details of his existence at this moment are not too important. For them, especially important is the novelty, competitiveness, licensing protection and the availability of a patent. In addition, innovative projects require investment of funds allocated for business improvement.

Implementation of innovative projects

Most organizations use both internal and external sources of financing at the same time. Internal sources are their own funds, which are mainly formed from the sale of assets or are insurance coupons and depreciation charges. External sources of financing include borrowed and borrowed funds, as well as financing from the regional or federal budget.

Risks

Innovative projects are programs with the highest risk for investment. For this reason, their creators should really evaluate their capabilities. The most attractive for investments will be programs aimed at promoting ready-made innovative products. Projects related to the promotion of new technologies are characterized by an increased risk, since it is much more difficult for them to create a marketing concept.

Problems with financing arise in the event that the project has an unfinished stage of exploratory research. When they are conducted, there is a high probability of obtaining a negative result.

Classification of risks

The risks of the innovation project are uncertainty, which depends on the decisions made, and their implementation is carried out after a while. Part of business decisions is risk assessment. For their classification, it is advisable to apply the block principle, which provides for the distribution of risks by category, group, type, etc. The risks of innovation projects can be classified as follows:

• Predictability: foreseeable and unforeseen.
• By the presence of willful creation.
• By the time of detection.
• In the place of detection.
• By the method of detection.
• For reasons of appearance.
• On the culprits of the appearance.
• By the duration of the action.
• If possible insurance.
• On methods of elimination of consequences.
• On the stages of the technological process.
• According to the production conditions.
• At fixed prices.

To assess the risk of an innovative project, it is required to determine the degree of research, compliance with the company's market strategy program, and marketing. Classification, assessment and study of risks will be required to manage them.

Evaluation of the effectiveness of the innovation project

The effectiveness of a project of this type from the point of view of its participants can be determined by the relevant indicators of their participation. It is worth considering its assessment by the innovative university, which is responsible for the implementation of the project, as well as attracts outsiders and additional funding. The evaluation of the effectiveness of the innovation project is based on the following principles:

• The prices for services, resources, goods that are provided for by the project or installed on the market are applied;
• Cash flows must be calculated in the same currencies as are provided for by the program for payment of products and purchase of resources, after which they will be converted into rubles at the current rate;
• In the calculations it is necessary to take into account the profit from financial and investment activity, and also apply the project financing scheme;
• It is necessary to take into account contributions to additional funds and income received from them.

In the process of calculating the indicators of the effectiveness of the company's participation, it is worth taking into account the money, regardless of whether they are own or borrowed. Payments for loans will be called outflows, and borrowed funds - inflows.

An example of an innovative project taking into account the risks of efficiency

It is worth considering the development of an innovative project taking into account the evaluation of its effectiveness. As an example, you can take an example of the project LLC "EcoZdrav". The company operates in Krasnoyarsk. The project is aimed at manufacturing and marketing of non-reagent and cartridges that are intended for purification of drinking and waste water. At the moment they have no analogues.

Preliminary market research has shown that the need for these installations is quite large. According to estimates, it is 25,000 pieces, which is only a tenth of the possible buyers. Based on this information, the company plans to produce 10,000 units a year, which will be justified.

To assess the efficiency, it is necessary to find the net present value (NPV) with the help of the rate of price growth and the sum of the weighted average cost of capital (WACC). The following formula applies:

WACC = (E / K) * y + (D / K) * b * (1-t),

Where E is the equity capital, D is the amount of borrowed capital, K is the amount of invested capital, y is the expected return on equity, b is the expected return on borrowed capital, and t is the income tax rate.

For this company the indicator will be:

WACC = (188/2000) * 0.72 + (1812/2000) * 0.28 * (1-0.2) = 0.270624

If you take the inflation rate of 7%, which was set at the time of project development, you can get a discounting factor of 0.340624.

According to the plan, the profit will amount to 448060 rubles. In the first year, 3229925 rub. - in the second, and 3919425 rubles. In the third. With their consideration, it is necessary to calculate the indicators on the basis of which the effectiveness of the innovation project will be evaluated.

Net present value calculated for the next three years (NPV):

NPV1 = 448060 / 1.340624- 2000000 = - 1665782.5

NPV2 = 448060 / 1.340624 + 3229925 / (1.340624) ^ 2 - 2000000 = 131343.21

Index of Return on Investment (PI):

PI = (448060 / 1.340624 + 3229925 / 〖(1.340624)〗 ^ 2) / 2000000 = 2131343.21 / 2000000 = 1.0656

Internal rate of return (IRR):

IRR = r_1 + NPV (r_1) / (NPV (r_1) - NPV (r_2)) (r_2-r_1)

The cost of capital r1 is 20%.

Then the IRR = 0.3 + 255859.8 / (255859.8- 131343.21) (0.340624-0.3) = 0.383475

It can be concluded that the calculated rate of return exceeds the value of the cost of capital. Thus, the implementation of this innovative project will be expedient.

Innovative projects in business

To date, innovative projects in business have successfully conquered the world market. This is because the modern consumer is not that easy to like. If the company repeats its competitors, it will eventually lose its popularity. For this reason, any business needs innovations. Best of all, if it is really innovative projects, rather than updating old technologies, products or services.

The world community is actively changing due to the development of the scientific and technical sphere. From this point of view, business requires attention. In addition, innovation must be recognized by society. If they do not adopt a developed innovative project, an example of which has been demonstrated to consumers, it will not bring any benefit.

The Benefits of Innovation in Business

It should be noted that innovation in business requires significant intellectual, financial and labor costs. In addition, you will have to invest not only in the project, but also in the company's employees. Innovations in entrepreneurial activity can be technical, managerial, administrative, economic and organizational.

Among the main innovative projects of this kind can be called computerization. They help to create a database of baths, carry out calculations using the Internet, use computer programs to work and send emails. In addition, the entrepreneur will be able to create a commercial website or an online store.

Thus, projects of this kind in business allow improving the procedure for development, provision of services, sales, etc. In addition, the process will be significantly simplified and take less time. This means that the business will have a greater profitability.

Innovative projects in school

Parents often have a question about where to give the child, to a regular school, a gymnasium and a lyceum. Most of them are defined quickly, but the concept of "innovative school" for them is rarely known. Despite this, all modern educational institutions can be called such. This is due to the fact that most of the curricula are designed with innovation in mind.

It is not necessary to give the child to an innovative school, because an innovative pedagogical project is realized in a traditional institution. But nevertheless in them the accent on formation of ability of children to independent acquisition of knowledge will be made.

The use of innovative technologies in the school makes it possible to individually select the training program for each child, which positively affects its capabilities. In addition, children will have more zeal for learning, because they can be interested. What is an innovative project in school? An example is the use of various programs in the education process. With their help, you can positively influence the acquisition and assimilation of knowledge.

Innovative project: example

In order to finally understand what an innovative project is, it is worthwhile to consider a concrete example. In 2013, Electrolux Design Lab held a student competition in China. He graduated from the Institute of Animation Quing Ji presented his project, which was aimed at improving the person's sleep. He developed a cell cushion in the form of a green mass. It is able to provide not only the optimal rest, but also protection against harmful bacteria. In this case, an innovative project, an example of which is presented, provides for the invention of a completely new and complex technology.

The pillow consisted of aloe cells, which absorb carbon monoxide and release oxygen. For this reason, people who sleep on it do not have breathing problems. Aloe cells can eliminate any harmful bacteria around them. This innovative project, the example of which was described, was successful, but if you want to create something new, you can prepare the program is not so difficult. It can contain an update of an existing technology.