Individual thermal point (ITP): scheme, operating principle, operation

The individual thermal point is a whole set of devices, located in a separate room, which includes elements of thermal equipment. It provides connection to the thermal network of these plants, their transformation, management of heat consumption modes, efficiency, distribution by types of coolant consumption and regulation of its parameters.

Individual heating point

A thermal installation that services the building or its individual parts is an individual heat point, or ITP for short. It is designed to provide hot water, ventilation and heat to residential buildings, housing and communal facilities, as well as production complexes.

For its operation, it is necessary to connect to the water and heat, as well as the power supply, necessary for the activation of the circulating pumping equipment.

A small individual heating station can be used in a single family house or a small building connected directly to a centralized heat supply network. Such equipment is designed for heating premises and heating water.

Large individual heat point is engaged in servicing large or multi-apartment buildings. Its power is in the range from 50 kW to 2 MW.

Main goals

The individual heat point provides the following tasks:

• Accounting for heat and coolant consumption.
• Protection of the heat supply system from emergency increase of the coolant parameters.
• Disconnecting the heat consumption system.
• Uniform distribution of the heat carrier by the heat consumption system.
• Adjustment and control of the parameters of the circulating fluid.
• Conversion of the type of coolant.

Benefits

• High profitability.
• Long-term operation of an individual heat point showed that modern equipment of this type, in contrast to other non-automated processes, consumes 30% less heat energy.
• Operational costs are reduced by about 40-60%.
• Choosing the optimal mode of heat consumption and precise adjustment will allow up to 15% to reduce heat losses.
• Quiet work.
• Compactness.
• The overall dimensions of modern heat points are directly related to the heat load. With a compact arrangement, an individual heat point with a load of up to 2 Gcal / hour occupies an area of 25-30 m ² .
• The possibility of placing this device in basement small-sized premises (both in existing and in newly constructed buildings).
• The work process is fully automated.
• Maintenance of this heat equipment does not require highly qualified personnel.
• ITP (individual heat point) provides comfort in the room and guarantees effective energy saving.
• Ability to set the mode, focusing on the time of day, the application of the regime of a weekend and a holiday, as well as the conduct of weather compensation.
• Individual production, depending on customer requirements.

Thermal energy accounting

The basis of energy-saving measures is the meter. This account is required to perform calculations for the amount of heat consumed between the heat supply company and the subscriber. After all, very often the estimated consumption is much more than the actual consumption, because the heat suppliers overestimate their values when calculating the load, referring to the additional costs. Such situations will avoid the installation of meters.

Purpose of metering devices

• Ensuring fair financial settlements between consumers and energy suppliers.
• Documenting the parameters of the heat supply system, such as pressure, temperature and coolant flow.
• Monitoring the rational use of the power system.
• Control over the hydraulic and thermal operation of the heat consumption and heat supply system.

Classical scheme of the meter

• The counter of thermal energy.
• The manometer.
• Thermometer.
• Thermal converter in the return and supply pipeline.
• Primary flow transmitter.
• Mesh filter.

Service

• Connect the reader and then take the reading.
• Analysis of errors and finding out the reasons for their occurrence.
• Checking the integrity of the seals.
• Analysis of the results.
• Verification of technological indicators, as well as comparison of thermometer readings on the supply and return lines.
• Adding oil to the sleeves, cleaning the filters, checking the ground contacts.
• Removal of dirt and dust.
• Recommendations for the proper operation of internal heat supply networks.

Heat station layout

The classical ITP scheme includes the following nodes:

• Enter the heat network.
• Accounting device.
• Connecting the ventilation system.
• Connection of the heating system.
• Connection of hot water supply.
• Coordination of pressures between heat consumption and heat supply systems.
• Filling is connected by an independent scheme of heating and ventilation systems.

When designing a heat point project, the mandatory nodes are:

• Accounting device.
• Coordination of pressures.
• Enter the heat network.

The configuration of other nodes, as well as their number is chosen depending on the design decision.

Consumption systems

The standard scheme of an individual heat point can have the following systems for providing thermal energy to consumers:

• Heating.
• Hot water supply.
• Heating and hot water supply.
• Heating, hot water supply and ventilation.

ITP for heating

ITP (individual heat point) - the circuit is independent, with the installation of a plate heat exchanger, which is designed for 100% load. The installation of a twin pump compensating for the loss of pressure level is envisaged. The heating system is supplied with water from the return pipeline of the heating networks.

This heat station can be additionally equipped with a hot water supply unit, a meter, as well as other necessary units and units.

ITP for hot water

ITP (individual heat point) - the scheme is independent, parallel and single-stage. The set includes two plate heat exchangers, each of them is designed for 50% of the load. There is also a group of pumps designed to compensate for the pressure drop.

In addition, the heating unit can be equipped with a heating system unit, a meter and other necessary units and units.

ITP for heating and hot water

In this case, the work of the individual heat point (ITP) is organized according to an independent scheme. For the heating system, a plate heat exchanger is provided, which is designed for a 100% load. The scheme of hot water supply is independent, two-stage, with two plate-type heat exchangers. In order to compensate for the pressure drop, a group of pumps is installed.

The heating system is supplied with the help of the appropriate pumping equipment from the return pipeline of the heating networks. The hot water supply is supplied from the cold water supply system.

In addition, the ITP (individual heat point) is equipped with a meter.

ITP for heating, hot water supply and ventilation

The heating system is connected in an independent circuit. For a heating and ventilation system a plate heat exchanger is used, designed for 100% load. The scheme of hot water supply is independent, parallel, single-stage, with two plate heat exchangers, designed for 50% of the load each. Compensation for lowering the pressure level is carried out by means of a group of pumps.

The heating system is fed from the return piping of the heating networks. The hot water supply is supplied from the cold water supply system.

In addition, an individual heat point in an apartment building can be equipped with a meter.

Principle of operation

The scheme of the heat point directly depends on the features of the source supplying the energy of the ITP, as well as the characteristics of the consumers served by it. The most common for this heat installation is a closed system of hot water supply with the connection of the heating system according to an independent scheme.

The individual heat point of the principle of operation has this:

• According to the supply pipeline, the coolant enters the ITP, gives heat to the heaters of the heating and hot water supply system, and also enters the ventilation system.
• Then the coolant is sent to the return pipeline and through the backbone network goes back for reuse to the heat generating company.
• Some volume of coolant can be consumed by consumers. To compensate for losses at the heat source in the heat and power plants and boiler houses, recharge systems are provided that use water treatment systems for these enterprises as a source of heat.
• The tap water entering the heat installation flows through the pumping equipment of the cold water supply system. Then some of its volume is delivered to consumers, the other is heated in the hot water heater of the first stage, then it is sent to the circulation circuit of hot water supply.
• The water in the circulation loop by means of the circulating pumping equipment for hot water supply moves around in a circle from the heat point to the consumers and back. At the same time, as required, consumers take water out of the circuit.
• During the circulation of the liquid along the contour, it gradually gives up its own heat. To maintain the coolant temperature at the optimum level, it is regularly heated in the second stage of the hot water heater.
• The heating system is also a closed loop, through which the coolant moves with the help of circulation pumps from the heat point to the consumers and back.
• During operation, coolant leaks may occur from the heating system circuit. Replenishment of losses is handled by the ITP recharge system, which uses primary heat networks as a source of heat.

Commissioning

To prepare an individual heat point in the house for commissioning, it is necessary to submit the following list of documents to Energonadzor:

• The current specifications for the connection and a certificate of their implementation from the energy supply organization.
• Project documentation with all necessary approvals.
• Act of responsibility of the parties for the operation and separation of balance sheet, compiled by the consumer and representatives of the energy supply organization.
• The act of readiness for permanent or temporary operation of a subscriber branch of a heat point.
• Passport ITP with a brief description of heat supply systems.
• A certificate of the readiness of the heat meter.
• A certificate of concluding an agreement with an energy supply organization for heat supply.
• Certificate of acceptance of work performed (with license number and date of issue) between the consumer and the installation organization.
• Order on the appointment of a responsible person for the safe operation and serviceability of heat plants and heating networks.
• The list of operational and operational-repair responsible persons for maintenance of heat networks and heat plants.
• A copy of the welder certificate.
• Certificates for used electrodes and pipelines.
• Acts for hidden work, an executive scheme for a heat point indicating the numbering of the armature, as well as a diagram of pipelines and shut-off valves.
• Act for flushing and crimping systems (heating networks, heating system and hot water supply system).
• Job descriptions, instructions on fire safety and safety precautions.
• Operating Instructions.
• The act of allowing networks and installations to operate.
• Journal of accounting KIP, issuing orders-tolerances, operational, accounting for identified during the inspection of installations and networks of defects, testing knowledge, as well as briefings.
• Attire from the heating network to connect.

Safety and Operation

The service staff of the heat station should have the appropriate qualifications, and responsible persons should be familiarized with the operating rules that are specified in the technical documentation. This is an obligatory principle of an individual heat point allowed for operation.

It is forbidden to start the pump equipment in operation with the shut-off valve closed at the inlet and in the absence of water in the system.

In the process of operation it is necessary:

• Monitor the pressure readings on the pressure gauges installed on the supply and return lines.
• Observe the absence of extraneous noise, and also avoid excessive vibration.
• Monitor the heating of the electric motor.

Do not use excessive force in case of manual control of the valve, and if there is pressure in the system, do not disassemble the controls.

Before starting the heat station, it is necessary to wash the heat consumption system and pipelines.