Hypotensive drugs - varieties and methods of application

Hypotensive medications are used in those cases when it is necessary to lower blood pressure. It increases with hypertension, as well as with symptomatic hypertension. Depending on the mechanism of its action, all these drugs are divided into vasodilators, antiadrenergics, angiotensin II antagonists, calcium antagonists and diuretics.

Hypotensive drugs - classification of drugs

Antiadrenergic drugs have their effect on the sympathetic nervous system, these are the drugs "Clofelin" and "Methildofa." These drugs directly affect the receptors of the central nervous system and thereby cause a decrease in pressure, a decrease in the pulse. Also, these antihypertensives reduce the amount of renin in the plasma, have a sedative effect, and their drawback is the ability to retain sodium and water. If they are taken with diuretics, the effect will be much better. With reserpine, it is better not to take them, so as not to cause drowsiness and depression. Elderly people need to be cautious about taking these drugs, as there may be depressions and collapoid conditions. If there is an abolition of methyldopha and clonidine, this is done gradually.

Ganglioblockers include preparations "Benzohexonium", "Pentamine". They block the sympathetic and parasympathetic nerve nodes. Since these antihypertensives block parasympathetic nodes, there may be paresis of the gallbladder, the appearance of dry mouth, impotence. After the injection, the patient should lie for at least 2 hours with a raised head, this is necessary to prevent orthostatic hypotension.

Postgangliablocators include such drugs as "Octadin", "Raunatin", "Reserpine". If the drug "Reserpine" is used, then its effect lasts for several weeks. It is better to take it with diuretics, since it also detains water and sodium in the body. The medicine "Raunatit" has an antiarrhythmic effect, and after taking the drug, nasal congestion and drowsiness may appear.

Such antihypertensives, such as alfa-adrenoblockers, act quickly and briefly, so they are usually used in the onset of hypertensive crisis. These are such drugs as "Tropafen", "Fentolamin" and "Piroxan". After the introduction of these drugs, the patient also needs to lie down for 1.5-2 hours. These drugs can cause dizziness, tachycardia, itching, swelling of the nasal mucosa, vomiting and diarrhea. You can not take them in the presence of ischemic disease, violations of the blood circulation of the brain and heart failure.

Beta-adrenoblockers reduce the number of heartbeats and have a sedative, disaggregant and vasodilating effect. These antihypertensives are effective at high systolic blood pressure.

Vasodilators are divided into venous and arteriolar. Representatives of arteriolar drugs are "Minoxidil", "Diazoxide", "Apressin". The venous and arteriolar sodium dilator after intravenous administration has a noticeable effect, as the peripheral vessels expand, and the peripheral resistance decreases.

Hypotensive drugs, such as calcium antagonists (preparations "Phenigidin", "Nifedipine", "Corinfar") cause a decrease in pressure after half an hour after they are taken, and the maximum effect is observed after an hour and lasts up to 6 hours. After their application, there are reddening of the hands, neck, face; Possibly the appearance of drowsiness, headache, swelling of the legs. Do not take these drugs during pregnancy.

When treating and preventing hypertension, one should adhere to a low-fat diet, regularly give the body moderate physical activity, enough sleep and, if necessary, take sedatives.