Hyperopia is a plus or minus? Causes of hyperopia. Farsightedness

Often you have to hear the questions of ignorant people that farsightedness is a plus or a minus. In order to correctly answer such questions, it is necessary to understand the principle of the work of the human eye and to explore possible problems that may arise.

The eye is one of the most complex organs in the human body. Interaction of the visual system with the cortex of the brain allows you to transform the rays of light coming from the outside world into visual images. To understand how this happens, it is necessary to consider what the human eye consists of.

Structure of the eye

The eye is a very complex optical system, which consists of many parts.

1. Cornea. Through it, light waves enter the eye. It is an organic lens, by means of which the light signals diverging on the sides are focused.
2. The sclera is the outer opaque membrane of the eye, which does not take an active part in carrying the light.
3. Iris is some kind of diaphragm of the camera. This part regulates the flow of light particles and performs an aesthetic function, determining the color of the human eye.
4. The pupil is a hole in the iris, which regulates the amount of light rays entering the eye, and also the screening curves distorting rays.
5. The lens is the second most powerful lens in this human body, located immediately behind the iris. Depending on the distance to the object, it changes its optical power. At a small distance it strengthens, at large - weakens.
6. The retina is a spherical surface on which the surrounding world projects. And the light, passing through two collective lenses, gets on the retina in an inverted form. Then the information is converted into electronic pulses.
7. Macula is the central part of the retina, which recognizes a clear color image.
8. The optic nerve is a transporter recycled by the retina into nerve impulses of information to the brain.

Types of vision problems

Eye problems can appear at any age (they may even be congenital). The cause of some of them - a violation of the retina or optic nerve. However, most of the diseases of the visual system are provoked by a violation of the refractive characteristics of the eye. The consequence of this is defocusing, and a person loses the ability to clearly see objects. That is, human vision is disturbed. "Plus" and "minus" mean the refractive index of light (either the rays are not refracted sufficiently, or they are too refracted). There are several basic types of visual impairment in humans.

Myopia - this is myopia

With myopia, a person does not see objects that are at a great distance. Close vision is normal. With this disease, you can easily read the book, but the number of the house that is across the road, you can not see.

Hyperopia is a "plus" or a "minus"?

Let's return to the main question. So, hyperopia is a "plus" or a "minus"? Hyperopia (hyperopia) is a visual impairment, in which a person can not distinguish between objects that are close to each other, but he can distinguish fine details of distant objects.

So, the power of glasses assigned to a patient is measured in diopters. With farsightedness, glasses with a collecting effect are placed, which perform part of the functions of the lens. Such glasses are called positive, and therefore hyperopia is a "plus". Or "minus", for example, is used for myopia. Therefore, the treatment uses glass with a scattering effect, which are called negative.

Presbyopia - what is it?

Long-sightedness in the medical environment is called presbyopia and occurs mainly in people older than 40 years. This disease is caused by the loss of elasticity of the lens and is expressed by the loss of the ability to change the eye focus when looking at objects at different distances.

Astigmatism

The visual impairment, characteristic for astigmatism, arises as a consequence of the change in the curvature of the lens and is expressed in the incorrect refraction of light rays. Because of this, the picture of the outside world looks somewhat distorted.

What is the cause of cataracts?

Cataract is a very common disease, which leads to a visual impairment. Most often occurs in an elderly age, but it can also be a consequence of a viral disease. The manifestation of this ailment is the turbidity of the lens.

I propose, within the framework of this article, to consider in more detail issues related specifically to hyperopia.

The main causes of hyperopia

So, as has already been indicated, hyperopia is an eye disease in which the image is focused behind the retina. The degree of development of hypermetropia depends on the ability of the eye to refract the rays of light and from accommodation (the properties of the lens change its shape depending on the distance to the object):

1. Weak (up to +2 diopters).
2. Average (from +2 to +5 diopters).
3. Strong (more than +5 diopters).

There are two causes of hyperopia:

1. Too short an eyeball, and consequently, a short longitudinal eye axis. Most often, this disorder of vision is hereditary.
2. Insufficient refractive properties of the visual system. With age, the lens of a person loses its elasticity and corresponding abilities.

There is also a possibility of a combination of these two reasons.

Symptoms of hyperopia

The main symptom is poor vision near. In this case, the objects that are in the distance, the patient sees well. However, over time, the pathology may increase due to loss of accommodative properties of the lens.

The main symptoms, the presence of which encourages you to turn to the oculist with suspicion of hypermetropia, belong:

1. Violation of the "near" vision.
2. Violation of "long-range" vision.
3. Excessive eye fatigue during work.
4. Visual fatigue when reading books.
5. Frequent conjunctivitis and other inflammatory processes of the eyes.
6. Strabismus in childhood.

Diagnosis of vision problems

Once you feel a decrease in visual acuity, you need to seek help from a specialist. The standard diagnostic procedure includes the following steps:

1. Study of visual acuity. For this purpose, a special table of view is used. Now the tables are used by Sivtsev, Golovin or Orlova (mostly in children).
2. Investigation of the fundus by using a mirror, as well as ultrasound.

3. Selection of lenses of the necessary power, carried out with the aid of a phoropter.

Treatment of hyperopia

In order that you are never disturbed by problems with eyesight, you must follow the following principles:

1. Observe the lighting mode.
2. Alternate visual load with physical discharge.
3. To train visual muscles with the help of special gymnastics for the eyes, and with the use of modern technologies (including computer and laser).
4. Conduct early diagnosis and correct vision correction (includes mandatory periodic examination by the oculist).
5. Perform bracing exercises, backed by proper nutrition.

The implementation of these preventive measures will save your eyesight. Plus, of course, do not forget to undergo periodic examinations from the oculist.

Correction of vision is performed with the help of glasses or eye contact lenses, which are prescribed to the patient in a special prescription after a full examination.

In addition, eye surgery goes forward in huge steps and already now allows a person to stop wondering whether farsightedness is a "plus" or a "minus".