How to grow a peach in the middle band of Russia?

Trees with velvety and very juicy fruits, which are known as peaches, belong to the pink family and are part of the almond subgenus. Outwardly, they are very little different from other plants of this class. However, they have one, but significant difference. This is their fruit.

History of distribution

True to say, where does this culture originate from, it is impossible, although, according to one version, the birthplace of the peach is Celestial. Wild varieties also grew in India. Then Persian peasants began to grow up, and later the plant was brought to Europe - in particular, Italy. And gradually the widespread spread of culture throughout the Eurasian continent.

Cultivated peach tree in North America, where these fruits were used more for making drinks, including alcoholic beverages. Cultivation of peaches in Russia began in the sixteenth century. True, to meet this garden tree could only be in the southern regions.

Where grow peaches

In Russia, plantings of this culture are concentrated mainly in the south of our country - in Dagestan, Krasnodar Territory, etc. To increase frost resistance in some regions, it is planted on apricots. One of the most frost-resistant varieties for the Russian regions is Krasnoshcheky. However, in the Voronezh region, "Golden Summer" or "Stepnyak Rossoshansky" grow quite well.

Summer temperatures are not so important for peach tree, than winter ones, however, the duration of ripening depends on them. The Russian regions, in which the thermometer does not fall below 24 ° C from June to September, are most suitable for cultivating this culture. In this winter, the temperature should not fall below ten degrees below zero: the plant, although it tolerates extreme periods, but dies at -25 ° C unequivocally.

In recent years, thanks to the emergence of new, fairly frost-resistant varieties, this culture began to grow even in a region such as the middle band of Russia. And now the efforts of breeders can not only be bought, but even in the gardens of these regions, the most to grow a juicy and delicious peach.

In the middle lane of Russia

The photo of this fruit immediately associates with a hot summer. But not everyone knows that even the inhabitants of the Moscow region can eat their own peach today. In the northern regions of our country, these trees are planted mostly only by amateur gardeners. In this case, when growing this crop, special options for shelter from frosts are used in a particularly cold winter period. For many enthusiasts, the peach in the central part of Russia almost every year yields an excellent harvest, delighting with delicate and fragrant fruits in rather severe conditions.

Due to the fact that the selection of this fruit both in our country and abroad is very intensive, the cultivar variety is much more intensive than other stone fruit. At the same time, specialists are striving to obtain not only frost-resistant varieties, but also those with an improved fruit quality, suitable for transportation, as well as for storage and processing. However, the main problems that characterize the cultivation of peaches in the central part of Russia are their adaptability to frost and resistance to major diseases, such as curly, powdery mildew and others. Judging by the assurances of specialists, in the near future very hardy varieties of such a plant as peach will be bred.

In the central strip of Russia the photo of this tree is more like a bush. And this is understandable: this technology of growing, judging by the reviews, gives excellent results.

Features

Growing a peach in the middle lane of Russia is not an easy task. Many know about the finicky nature of this culture. Therefore, many amateur gardeners after long unsuccessful attempts and reflections on how to grow a peach in the central part of Russia, came to the conclusion that it is the best fruit in the form of a bush. From the tree into one trunk it is necessary to leave only a small (about forty or fifty centimeters tall) process, which in spring will give abundant root shoots. From it you need to form bushes, which will later bloom and will give a good harvest.

Variety choice

You need to plant a slightly different peach in the middle strip of Russia. Sorts suitable for the southern regions, almost do not take root, so many prefer zoned species. You can also get your seedlings, planting bones, and then picking out of the seedlings only the strongest and the hardest.

When buying seedlings in specialized stores, it is necessary to specify the terms of fruiting of this variety and to choose the most early and low-growing ones. A lot of positive reviews of gardeners of the middle zone are left on the following types: "2-Sh-10", "Dneprovsky", "Early", "Belgorod".

The peach "Krasnoslobodsky" in the central part of Russia, which is a frost resistant variety, which can withstand a decrease in temperature to twenty degrees of cold, proved to be quite good. In addition, it is fast-growing: for the second or third year on it appear delicious fruit weighing up to one hundred and fifty grams, rounded. White-yellow peaches of this species with red blush on the side growing in the sun, have a juicy sweet flesh with a delicate aromatic taste.

Planting of seedlings

In order to have a good harvest in the summer, one must know well how to grow a peach in the central part of Russia in the first place, since this culture is a novelty. And of no small importance in this process is the correctly chosen place for its planting. To do this, select a sufficiently well-lit area, protected from cold winds. The best option is a place near the southern wall of the building - at home or summer residence. It is unacceptable to plant seedlings between trees in the old garden.

The optimal time for planting such a crop as a peach in the middle zone of Russia is early spring. You can plant immediately after the ground, thawing, a little dry. Experts do not recommend delaying the disembarkation, because otherwise they take a long time to get accustomed and sometimes even die.

In autumn it is undesirable to plant a tree, since the probability that the unfrozen seedlings will freeze is great. A landing pit with a diameter of up to one meter and a depth selected depending on the soil type should be prepared approximately in October.

Formation

Peach in the middle band of Russia, reviews of the cultivation of which indicate that the best yields cropped to the shape of a bush plant, it is necessary to cut off immediately after planting. This is done as follows: the seedling is formed by the type of bowl - without the stem, so that the skeletal branches of the plant depart directly from the soil. Leave over the graft only twenty centimeters to quickly build up the stock of wood and early recovery of the crown in case of frost, because due to the low laying of the fruit shoots under the snow, they retain enough sleeping buds.

Crown peach is formed from a maximum of five branches, located close to each other - on fifteen to twenty centimeters. Subsequently, every spring, when the weather stabilizes and the threat of frost passes, cyclic pruning of peach trees is carried out, as in grapes. Two or three upper shoots-one-year-olds should be shortened to twenty-thirty, and already located under them - up to ten centimeters.

This ensures not only the optimal fruiting of the peach in the central part of Russia, but also the restoration.

In summer, young shoots, reaching a length of up to fifteen centimeters, are plucked over the external kidney, and all excess ones, including those appearing in the place of the stem, are removed. If any branch surpasses the others in growth, it should be shortened to the kidney.

Top dressing and watering

For a good fruiting and growth, a peach tree growing in the middle lane should be fed two or three times for each growing season. For the first time, the lure should be given in early April. This should be ammonium nitrate and nitroammophoska diluted with water. The second time the same composition should be fertilized in late April, and the third - in early June.

If the soil is dry, then three days before the application of fertilizing trees must be watered, so as not to burn their roots. Fertilizing heavily growing young trees, experienced gardeners reduce portions almost twice, considering that it is better to underfeed than overdo it with nutrients. Equally timely and timely watering, especially in dry weather, as well as mulching of the stump circle and periodic control of weeds.

Shelter for the winter

In autumn, over peach trees growing in the Russian middle belt, it is necessary to install air dry shelters, for example, boxes of expanded polystyrene or polystyrene, the thickness of the walls of which should be at least ten centimeters. On the roof you need to lay a plastic wrap, and in winter it is better to cover the structure with snow.

In the early spring, with the retreat of severe colds, the vent should be opened immediately, and in May, when no more frosts are anticipated, the insulation can be removed completely.

In addition, in winter, the stem and skeletal branches of peach trees need to be lined with lime, to which copper sulphate is added , and to tie them with reeds or fir-tree legs, and if there are none, with paper or burlap: any material, except polyethylene film. This event will protect the culture from frost and sunburn, help to resist damage caused by rodents.

Reproduction of peach

Seeds of this fruit retain their germination within a year. They need to be sowed freshly harvested either in autumn or early spring after preliminary three-month stratification. And seedlings, obtained in this way, blossom by the third year.

In addition to seeds, a peach in the central zone of our country can reproduce with vaccinations or cuttings, but these methods are somewhat more laborious and require special training from the gardener.