How to determine the winner in parachuting. Parachuting: history, description, features and reviews

The idea of creating a parachute belongs to Leonardo da Vinci. It was he who, in his manuscripts, mentioned an adaptation with the help of which it is possible to safely descend from a height. However, the device found such a device only in 1783, when special popularity began to acquire flights on balloons. Even later, the design of the parachute was finalized by the British. In this review we will talk about flights on similar devices. We will consider how a winner in parachuting, his history and description of varieties is determined.

Extreme discipline

Under parachuting, one should understand the discipline where a person with a parachute has to jump from an aircraft. During a free flight, falling or planning, he needs to perform some actions and land. It is for safe planning and a parachute is required.

Talking about what parachute sports, it is impossible not to single out the fact that in a free fall a person will be only a minute if the jump took place from a height of 4 km. At the same time, the fall speed reaches 180-200 km / h. It is these indicators that allow the athlete to move freely in the air, using the arms and legs to control.

Few historical facts

Parachuting, the history of which is rich in various events, originated long ago. But it all started with simple jumps. And the first person to experience the parachute was Andre-Jacques Garnerin in 1797. He jumped from a balloon that hovered at an altitude of 2,230 feet.

Albert Berry jumped out of a flying plane from a height of 1500 feet in 1912. In a free fall, he flew about 400 feet, then smoothly landed on the parade ground of the military unit in which he served. The first woman to experience a parachute was Georgia Thompson. It happened in 1913.

Parachuting, the championships of which began to be held since 1951, immediately gained immense popularity. And already in 1982 the parachute commission included representatives of approximately 60 countries. The competitions were divided into several categories. It was possible to take into account not only the accuracy of the landing, but also the time of free flight, the movements and figures performed, the jumps by the group, as well as the dome acrobatics.

Types of sports discipline

To understand how a winner in parachuting is determined, it is necessary to describe the varieties of this discipline. Regardless of the type of jump, the athlete must have some skills and abilities. In addition, he must know how to perform a variety of acrobatic elements, controlling the decrease and smoothness of the landing.

At the present stage, there are 2 directions. It's about piloting a parachute and free fall. The first direction includes dome acrobatics, high-speed landing and landing on accuracy, the second - group and individual acrobatics, freestyle, frelly and skysurfing.

Dome acrobatics

The rules of parachuting in this direction imply that the athlete needs to build in the air a variety of figures. Rebuildings will be carried out with the parachute already opened.

It should be noted that there are several different variants of the competition:

• Judges set the figure that a group of paratroopers must build in a minimum period of time.
• The figure for the construction is chosen by lot, a group of four people should build it in the air. This is given only half a minute.
• The team consisting of four people, for half a minute should build the maximum possible number of arbitrary figures.

How is the winner in parachuting determined in this direction? Jumping athletes are recorded by a videographer, the judges make their verdict after viewing the record.

High-speed landing

In this type of parachuting, it is necessary to make a long horizontal flight along the ground before landing. The speed should be large enough.

It is worth noting that the athlete can reach 100 km / h when approaching the ground. The height can be less than a meter. Therefore, there is nothing strange in that this discipline is considered the most dangerous, and athletes get injuries at almost every championship.

Landing on accuracy

Speaking about parachute sport, the description and the main rules of which we are considering, it should be noted that this discipline is considered "elderly". The athlete is required to make a landing in a pre-designated place. And the more accurately he does it, the better. A few decades ago, an error of 80 meters was considered a good result. But at the present stage, a parachutist requires getting into a special electric target sensor.

Group acrobatics

This discipline implies the need for paratroopers to carry out various figures, reconstructions carried out in a horizontal plane. All this should happen in a free fall. Before the construction of a certain figure, some of the athletes form the base. The remaining paratroopers fly up to her in strict sequence. This is how the creation of figures in the air takes place.

Individual acrobatics

This type of parachute sport implies the performance of movements by one athlete for a while. From the parachutist requires an ideal possession of the body, as he will have to perform not only rotation, but also a flip with spirals. How is the winner in parachuting determined in this situation? If the athlete can not fulfill the required elements of acrobatics, he will not get a high rating. But there are other nuances, which will be discussed below.

Freestyle and Freefly

A paratrooper in a direction like freestyle is required throughout the free fall, which lasts 60 seconds, to perform a variety of figures, realizing sometimes the most unexpected and complex ideas. To impress judges, the athlete is required to demonstrate high coordination of movements, plasticity and grace.

The direction of the free language has appeared relatively recently, but it has already managed to gain popularity. The rules of parachuting in this situation are not too complicated. A team of 2 paratroopers must perform a variety of acrobatic figures, resorting to the help of various vertical positions: head down, sitting or standing. The speed of the fall in this direction can vary from 250 to 300 km / h. All the movements of the athletes are filmed by the parachutist operator who flies nearby. Analyzing the record, the judges will make their verdict.

Skysurfing

In this direction, the athlete performs a jump not only with a parachute, but also with a special board on his legs. Next is to fly the operator, who will shoot all the acrobatic exercises performed by the parachutist.

How is the winner in parachuting determined? The rules in this situation are such that much depends on the synchronized actions of the athlete and the operator, their interaction with each other.

It should be noted that the competitions are divided into a mandatory and an arbitrary program. For each of them, on the basis of the record, a separate decision will be made by the judges. The greatest number of championships at the present stage is held in this discipline.

More details on the identification of the winner in parachute

Parachute sport has become very popular in the world. Classical parachutism is considered to be the oldest and most widespread discipline. It includes two exercises - accuracy of landing and individual acrobatics.

On the basis of this parachute jumping, other kinds of sport, connected with jumping and parachute, were born. In addition, this discipline does not require too much money and is relatively easy organization. There is no need for constant training and jumping from a considerable height.

Accuracy of landing

In the first exercise, the judges assess the accuracy of the landing. Jumping is usually carried out by a group of athletes from a height of 1200 meters. Before opening the parachute, a small delay must be maintained. It is also necessary when performing a jump, otherwise you can hurt an athlete who jumped out earlier, or just hinder him.

Athletes when landing should accurately hit the target, which is a round target. In its center is a circle with a diameter of 2 cm - "zero". It is in him and must get a paratrooper, as this depends on the assessment of judges. It should also be noted that the first contact with the ground should be touching this very mug either with a heel or with a toe.

The accuracy of the landing is determined by a special sensor that captures the contact of the target athlete and displays the result on the scoreboard. At the competitions, the jumper is given several jumps, all the results will be summed up and divided by the number of attempts made by the athlete. It is the average result that judges determine the winner.

The second exercise

What is individual acrobatics is already mentioned above. It is necessary to highlight the mandatory elements that the athlete must perform. These are two spirals in different directions by 360 degrees and a back flip. These acrobatic stunts the paratrooper should perform twice.

Before performing the figures, the athlete should be accelerated to the maximum possible vertical speed in free fall. Then he needs to group and consistently perform the tricks, controlling his own body with his hands and feet.

There are two sets of figures - left and right. It all depends on which way to go in the first spiral. For example, the right complex includes a right spiral, a left spiral, a somersault. These exercises are repeated twice in the same sequence. Which complex should be performed is determined immediately before the jump by the judges.

Everything is fixed on the camera, the members of the judicial commission determine the winner by recording, fixing the time of the beginning of the acrobatic tricks and the moment of the end of the complex. Also taken into account and the athlete's mistakes. The winner can be defined as one by one, and by the sum of two exercises.

Conclusion

Now you know what parachute sport is: types and levels, rules and description, ways to identify winners. We hope that this review helped you to understand this extreme discipline.