Hip joint: anatomical structure and pathomorphosis of diseases

The hip joint is multi-axis and performs movements in different planes, providing mobility of the body. Its structure is quite complex and consists of two surfaces covered with cartilaginous tissue, enclosed in a connective tissue hard capsule. The joint surfaces, one of which is located on the head of the femur, and the second on the outside of the synostosis of the pelvic bones, loosely adhere to each other, and the space between them is moistened with synovial fluid. It reduces friction and provides nutrition to cartilaginous hyaline tissue, since the structure of the bone and its apophyses does not imply the possibility of adequate blood supply.

Outside the articular capsule, the hip joint is strengthened with ligaments. Among them there is a ileum-femoral ligament, which ensures a constant maintenance of the body in a forward position. It is the most durable and large in the body, since its function is associated with a huge load. Also from the iliac bone there are three more types of ligaments supporting the femur with the rest of the regional bone structures in a certain position.

Structure of pathologies of the hip joint

The hip joint due to its functions and large volume of motion is the organ that is very often affected and fails. At the same time, the spectrum of diseases is classified into fairly frequent traumatic injuries, infectious and age-related pathologies. Various dislocations, hip fractures at his neck, as well as sprains of the joint capsule are amenable to correction, but here it is very important to quickly contact specialists. Sometimes it depends on the safety of mobility, and the absence of a cosmetic defect in the future. Infectious pathologies include rheumatism. With it, the hip joint is very sore, but the pain syndrome sometimes migrates. Cartilage tissue is not so much affected as it swells, and the synovial membrane synthesizes much more fluid than is required according to functions. Since the capsule can not adequately stretch, this is manifested by severe pain, which becomes unbearable even from the touch of the sheets.

Age pathologies affect the hip joint irreversibly, since this is a manifestation of the destructive process. Cartilages experience dystrophy, thinning, reducing the volume of motion. Also in the process of destruction, the heads of the femurs are involved , which is accompanied by a pain syndrome. It is worth saying that for women in the post-menopausal period this pathology is very characteristic, although the hip joint is not always affected.

Among the rare pathologies are tubercular lesions and tumors of the apophyses of the femur. They are destructive in character and irreversible, since they are associated with the destruction not only of cartilage, which under normal conditions quickly regenerate, but also bones. As a rule, isolated, alone, amazed knee, ankle, hip joint. Treatment of the disease is radical. Since tuberculosis is difficult to sanitize the joint cavity, it is removed along with the cartilage surfaces, with subsequent prosthetics. In oncopathology the question of joint resection becomes key, since the main goal of treatment is the prevention of metastasis by osteosarcoma into the lungs, liver and kidneys. In this case, prosthetics can also be performed, which partially replaces the drop-out functions after removal of the joint complex. However, it is almost impossible to completely restore mobility, and implantation of metal structures is associated with various complications, the severity of which is incommensurably smaller than the presence of destructive tuberculosis or osteosarcoma.