Heating system of the Tichelman loop: installation and calculation

One of the most popular types of heating systems in our time is the so-called Tichelman loop. This scheme is quite simple, but when carrying out wiring in this case, of course, you need to adhere to a certain technology. Before installing such a system, it is necessary to compile a detailed project, making all the necessary calculations.

What is the system and how is it mounted?

The heating circuit of Tyhelmann's loop is actually very simple. In this case, the supply pipe is extended in the usual way - that is, from the boiler to the last radiator. The reverse is mounted to the heating unit not from the last battery (as in conventional dead-end systems), but from the first. With this wiring, the sum of the lengths of all the pipes connected to each radiator is the same. That is, up to the last battery there is a long feed, from it the short return is taken away. From the first radiator - respectively, vice versa.

System Benefits

This layout scheme has the following advantages:

• No need for complex balancing;

• Uniform heating of all rooms in the house;

• Work with maximum impact.

In dead-end two-pipe systems, the radiators located next to the boiler always heat up stronger than those mounted in remote rooms. In order to remedy this situation, balancing cranes are used in such schemes. With their help, the amount of coolant passing through the batteries closer to the boiler is limited. But even the balancing of such systems does not allow the use of all radiators at full capacity. In addition, with such a scheme you have to install a more powerful pump.

The accompanying scheme of the heating system of the Tichelman loop of such drawbacks is completely devoid. All the batteries in it work absolutely in equal conditions. That is, you do not need to balance it.

Disadvantages of the system

Of course, such a layout scheme does not only have advantages, but also some disadvantages. In dead-end systems, the diameter of the main line is usually narrowed along the flow of the coolant. This is done mainly to save. In passing systems such a scheme is not applied. In this case, for obvious reasons, pipes of the same diameter are laid along the perimeter of the room. That is, you can not save on the cost of trunks and fittings when using such a wiring diagram.

In which cases it is advisable to mount

Since the cost of assembling a passing heating system is more expensive than the conventional dead-end, it is advisable to use it only in large houses with a significant number of radiators. That is, where balancing has a significant effect on the operation of the circulation pump.

Also, the need to assemble such a system is in question in those cases where pipes can not be drawn around the perimeter of the room due to the layout features. In this case, we have to make an expensive triple-tube system, letting the return loop with a long loop. And this financially is usually expensive.

System calculation: diameter of pipes

Of course, drawing up a detailed project is what firstly requires the installation of the heating loop of Tichelman. The calculation of the system in this case is carried out in the usual manner. In order to determine the required diameter of the pipes, you must first calculate the desired heat capacity of the system. This can be done using the formula Q = (V * Δt * K), where V is the volume of the house, Δt is the temperature difference in the room and outdoors, K is the heat loss coefficient. The last parameter depends on the degree of insulation of the job.

Next, you need to determine the speed of the coolant in the highways. The range of optimum values in this case is between 0.36 and 0.7 m / s. All the resulting data should eventually be substituted into a special pipe size table. Most often, for the return and supply lines in such systems, metal plastic with a diameter of 26 mm is purchased. Radiators are connected by lengths of 16 mm.

The volume of water in the system

Of course, in order for the heating system of the Tichelman loop to work efficiently, it is necessary to calculate the required coolant flow, in addition to its installation. To determine this parameter, you should first calculate the heat loss of the building. This can be done by using the formula G = S * 1 / Po * (Tb - Tn) k. Here, Po is the heat transfer resistance, TB and TH are the air temperature in the street and in the house, and k is the decreasing coefficient. The first and last indicator is determined by the tables, depending on the design features of the building. Actually, the coolant flow rate itself is calculated by the formula Q = G / (c * (T1-T2)), where:

• C is the specific heat of water (4200),
• T1 - its temperature in the return,
• T2 - in the supply pipe.

The last two parameters are determined taking into account the nonlinear radiative heat transfer coefficient of the radiators. In the end, the difference between their values should be approximately 15-20 ° C.

Special programs

Of course, you can make a calculation of the heating system of the Tichelman loop and manually. But it is better to use a special program. All you need to do in this case is to enter the data requested into the form. In most cases, such software, unfortunately, is sold for money. However, some developers provide it with a demo version or offer free versions of it with limited functionality, which may be enough to calculate the heating system of a typical country house.

The loop of Tichelman to two floors or more

Most often such a heating system is installed in one-storey buildings of a large area. It is in these houses that it works most effectively. However, sometimes such a system is also collected in two-three-story buildings. When carrying out wiring in such homes, you must adhere to a certain technology. According to the scheme Tikhelmana in this case, not only each floor is tied separately, but the entire building as a whole. That is, an equal amount of the lengths of the return and supply pipes for each radiator of the house is preserved.

The loop of Tichelman on two floors is collected, therefore, according to a special scheme. Also, experts believe that using only one circulation pump in this case is inappropriate. If there is such a possibility, in the building it is necessary to install one such device on each floor. Otherwise, if a single pump fails, the heating will be turned off all over the house at once.

Features of installation: when balancing is needed

As already mentioned, the adjustment of the amount of heat transfer medium passing through the radiators does not require a passing heating system of the Tichelman loop. But only when the radiators of the same capacity are installed in the building. However, in large houses such a scheme of assembling the heating system is rarely used. For example, in a boiler room and other utility premises, weak radiators are usually installed, and in the living rooms, models are more powerful. Of course, all these batteries will need different channels. If the flow rate of the coolant will be calculated from the weak radiators, it will not be enough for the powerful ones. With reverse circuits, there will be hydraulic noise in small batteries. To prevent this from happening, balancing cranes are installed.

Stages of installation

The heating system is assembled according to this scheme in the usual way. I.e:

• The boiler is mounted . The height of the room where it will be installed should not be less than 2.5 m. At the same time, the minimum permissible room volume is 8 m ³ . The boiler is usually chosen on the basis that 10 m ^{2 of the} room requires 1 kW of power.

• Radiators are hung. The most popular version of this equipment are bimetal batteries. Before the radiators are hung, markings must be made. Mount this heating equipment usually on special brackets.

• The lines themselves stretch themselves. Most often, for the assembly of heating systems, including associated ones, metal-plastic pipes are used. Their advantages include ease of installation, the ability to withstand even very high temperatures and durability.

• The circulating pump is installed. This device is usually mounted in the immediate vicinity of the boiler, on the return pipe. It must be cut in bypass with three taps. A filter must be installed before the circulation pump. This addition will significantly extend its service life.

• Expansion tank and safety group are installed. The first one is connected to the return by means of one pipe. Of course, for the Tichelman system it is necessary to choose a membrane expansion tank. The security team usually comes with a boiler.

Installation of the Tichelman loop: useful tips

To complicate the assembly of such a system, the layout of the rooms can be. For example, the highway in any case have to pull around the door. In utility rooms pipes may be laid above the opening. After all, in this case, the design of the room does not usually pay special attention. In residential areas, the pipe is most often pulled under the door. To do this, you may need to perform a procedure such as punching the screed. If under the door for any reason broach can not be done, the return pipe returns to the same place where the feed came from. In this case, areas appear in the system, on which there are not two, but three pipes each. This scheme is sometimes used in private homes. But the cost of assembling a heating system is expensive. Therefore, as mentioned above, in this case it is worth considering the use of a collector or dead-end circuit.

The opinion of the owners of country houses about the system

According to most owners of suburban real estate, this scheme is really very effective - Tyhelmann's loop. Such a system deserved just such excellent reviews. In the house, with its proper design and assembly, a very comfortable microclimate is installed. At the same time, the equipment itself rarely breaks down and serves a long time.

Well respond about the loop Tyhelmana not only the owners of residential buildings, but also the owners of dachas. The heating system in such buildings in the cold season is often used irregularly. If the wiring is made on a dead-end scheme, when the boiler is turned on, the rooms heat extremely unevenly. Of course, there are no such problems with the passing system. But the cost of assembling heating by such a scheme is really more expensive than on a dead-end.

Is it worth it to mount it yourself?

As it was already possible to understand from all of the above, the heating of the "Tichelman's Loop" has a fairly simple design. In any case, it will not be more difficult to assemble than a conventional dead-end system. However, it should be borne in mind that the loop Tyhelmana most often mounted in houses of a very large area. The assembly of heating systems in such buildings already has a lot of nuances in itself. In addition, the calculation of communications for such an object should be made as accurate as possible. Just take the average values (10 kW boiler per 1 m ² room, diameter of pipes 26 and 16) in this case will not work. Make the correct calculations on the tables and even with the use of appropriate programs alone will be quite difficult. Therefore, for the design and installation of the "Tichelman's Loop" system in a large house, it is still worthwhile to hire specialists.