Healthcare is ... Health system and institutions

The healthcare sphere is a concept that every person encounters in his life, since going to a doctor is a normal phenomenon in society. Its functioning and role, financing and support, development and decline are social phenomena. They are coordinated by the state, but the main link in this chain is a person. It is for him to build this system, he is the main subject at every stage of the medical field.

Determination of the concept of "health care"

A full and exhaustive definition of the concept of "health care" can be found in the current legislation in force, namely, in the federal law of November 21, 2011, No. 324-FZ "On the fundamentals of protecting the health of citizens in the Russian Federation." It notes that health care is one of the branches of state activity, which is designed to provide affordable medical services for the population at an appropriate level. Of course, this is one of the most important branches of the state's activities, because only a physically healthy society is able to create a solid state.

The document further emphasizes that domestic health care is a combination of legal, organizational, financial and other measures that provide every citizen with the necessary medical services.

Health system: the concept and the basic principles of creation and activities

The health system is the aggregate of all public resources, institutions and activities that should improve the level of medical services in the country.

The basic postulates of its existence are compulsory for implementation, they include:

1. The supremacy of human rights in the provision of modern medical services.

2. High quality of health care.

3. Priority of providing emergency medical care to children.

4. Legal responsibility of state and local bodies for obstruction, refusal and other unlawful actions to obtain medical services by citizens.

5. Priority of the patient's interests.

6. Strict observance of the secret of Hippocrates in medical activities.

7. Availability of medical services.

8. Improvement of existing measures and institutions of public health.

These basic principles were established by WHO for all UN members, so that the quality and accessibility of health services are provided in every country regardless of status, location, political attitudes and other factors. It should be noted that the World Health Organization is a special separate institution of the United Nations, which is called upon to solve global health problems.

Objectives of the health system

The main tasks of health care include:

1. Reduction of population losses due to the provision of timely and high-quality medical care.

2. Financially rational provision of medical services.

3. Providing the medical sphere with qualified personnel.

4. The construction of modern public and private hospitals and clinics. Health institutions are organizations whose activities are aimed at providing the population with medical services, the list of which is defined in the legislation.

All these goals and tasks must be fulfilled at all levels of the medical sphere: state, regional and local.

Public health institutions

Unlike private hospitals and clinics, state structures are fully or partially funded (from 30% to 90%) from the state budget. Their activities are non-commercial, and therefore does not provide for the receipt of profits or other income from activities.

Such medical institutions exist on the basis of operational management, which means limited autonomy in uncoordinated actions. In practice, these institutions provide medical services of low or medium quality because of insufficient funding.

Private medical institutions in the health system

According to statistics, the private health sector is accessible to people with incomes above the average. The percentage of treatment of poor people in such organizations is very small - 3.6%. The practice of creating private clinics shows that they all focus on the middle and rich class, which is reflected in their pricing, organizational and geographic policies. The main income of private establishments is the contribution for treatment, carried out by patients.

In such organizations, healthcare is a modern, perfect set of measures that allows you to get really high-quality help.

Rules of due financing of health care

The sphere of health is one of the most important spheres of the state's activity, and therefore its financing is a priority. Third-world countries that can not independently provide this sphere receive additional targeted funds. To obtain the necessary sources of income, it is advisable to introduce health insurance, special taxes, a system of penalties for violation of health protection legislation.

Health financing is a complex system for mobilizing, using, restoring and rationally distributing funds, the purpose of which is to provide medical care to the public.

Healthcare: the role and importance in modern society

The level of development of the state can be traced precisely behind the development of such important social institutions as health, education, culture and sport. They show the true picture of the state's activities, prosperity, activity of the population, interest in public life.

It is from health care that the level of births and deaths, population growth, mobility, and working capacity depend. Ignoring such an important institution leads to the degradation of the individual, social apathy, indifference and nihilism. The main negative consequence of this is the impossibility of the subsequent creation of high-quality and productive human capital.

Health problems

Healthcare is not only an effective system of providing the population with medical resources, but also an entire organic institution that is composed of individuals in various social roles (doctors, officials, patients, public organizations , etc.). However, if one of the subjects fails to fulfill its duties, this coordinated hierarchy is subject to negative changes.

This may be the failure of officials to ensure their function of providing hospitals and polyclinics with the means, disclosure of medical secrets, unauthorized interference of public organizations in the treatment process, neglect of the rules of internal regulations and the work of such institutions. For this purpose, the legislation clearly specifies the rights and duties of each of the subjects of these legal relations.

Ministry of Health: Determination and main tasks

The Ministry of Health is the federal ministry, whose main purpose is to regulate relations in the field of health care, to coordinate and implement laws and other regulatory and legal acts in this area of state activity.

Also, this institution is called upon to perform highly specialized tasks: carrying out the prevention of infectious diseases, providing the health market with medicines of domestic and foreign production, creating diversified hospitals, polyclinics, dispensaries, health resorts and health centers.

This state structure is also closely connected with other branches of government and subordinate bodies. Particularly important is the close and transparent connection of state, regional and local levels, since very often in practice the latter do not receive the allocated funds because of theft and misappropriation by officials.

The health sector as a priority for the state

The main task of the state is to create a high standard of living for the population. If other spheres can temporarily be limited in financing, then this direction should always receive funds that are provided for by the state budget. Also, an equally important area of work is the improvement of technologies and equipment, as a solid health organization must be created for further development. This is enshrined in state-run programs and strategies for the development of the health sector. The health care sector is a branch of the social activity of the state, which provides fast, affordable and in some cases free medical care to citizens.

A secondary but no less important task is the training of highly qualified personnel: doctors, paramedics, nurses and nurses. The proper level of training of specialists will help in the future avoid negligence, inaccuracy in the performance of labor duties.

Health services: the device of the European model

At the moment, the domestic health care system does not meet all the postulates of medical care that have been recognized by WHO. To build a democratic social system, it is necessary to ensure access to medical facilities for all segments of the population.

Health care services are providing each needy with necessary medical assistance in specialized institutions, paid or free. These can be domestic and foreign aid centers, widely or narrowly specialized institutions.

Health facilities are places where every patient must find help, regardless of age, gender, social and property status. It is in democracy that the European health system is being built. This is a high subsistence level, which allows all segments of the population to receive paid medical care.

In Russia, unfortunately, things are somewhat different. Healthcare is, first of all, a balanced system of financing, mutual assistance, benefits and support for the relevant segments of the population and individuals. This means that this sphere is considered public, despite the type of ownership (private, state or municipal). Also, it must meet certain standards (equality, differential pricing, availability, quality, convenient location). This sphere should exclude arbitrariness and unauthorized interference of officials and other state structures, protect the interests of man and citizen, reproduce and provide an adequate standard of living.