Greenhouses. Business plan for greenhouses

Organizing a highly profitable agricultural business in Russia is quite realistic. In the article we will talk about how to equip greenhouses, which crops to grow and how to properly organize work in them.

An approach

Many experts recognize that greenhouse business is one of the most highly profitable segments of agriculture. This market is not yet complete, therefore, those who decide to invest in its development will not encounter obstacles on their way in the form of fierce competition with other domestic producers. And it's not so difficult to compete with imported vegetables and berries.

Before you build greenhouse farms, you need to decide on the crops that you will grow. It can be tomatoes, cucumbers, strawberries, radishes. Also, one of the profitable directions is the cultivation of greenery: dill, parsley, basil, lettuce and so on.

It is very important to find a suitable place. To optimize costs, your farm should be close to the sales market, the main communication systems - sources of electricity, water, gas. In addition, it is worth paying attention to the traffic intersection.

Types of farms

Depending on the size, several types of greenhouses can be distinguished. So, if you want to grow vegetables in small volumes, coping with the processing of the site on your own, then you will need a small area, even your home garden will do. It will be possible to install 2-3 structures. It will be a small hothouse farm. It is not necessary to formalize such subsidiary production as business, even if you plan to sell surplus products.

If you have a secondary economy, then such a business needs to be formalized in the local tax inspection. This is necessary even in cases when you are coping on your own, but are developing enough products for sale.

Large greenhouse farms in Russia occupy large areas. They can only be processed with the involvement of employees. Owners of such farms should formalize individual entrepreneurship or register another form of doing business, for example, a limited liability company.

Selection of options

If you have decided on the location of the greenhouse and what you will grow, you can start building the structures themselves. So, they can be purchased or made independently. At the same time, please note that film greenhouses are not able to provide the optimum temperature and humidity required for crops in cold periods. The optimal option is a structure of polycarbonate or glass. It is clear that the purchase of a finished greenhouse will cost more than its independent construction.

But it is important to know that film options are the cheapest, they are safe, they can be easily dismantled if necessary. Glass well passes the sun's rays. This material adds strength to the design itself. But it is unreliable, it is easy to break. Polycarbonate is durable, well transmits sunlight. Greenhouses from this material can be used all year round, but for their erection a foundation is required.

Project preparation

One of the stages in the development of any business is the creation of a business plan. The greenhouse project should include information on its location, transport interchange, types of crops, possible markets for products, competitors. In addition, all potential incomes and expenses must be calculated in the plan, possible unforeseen situations are considered. It is also important to immediately calculate how much greenhouses will cost you, how water will be supplied to them, how to heat and light them. Also in the expenditure part it is necessary to include all costs for equipment, seed or seedlings, means for the destruction of weeds and pests, fertilizers. If you plan to attract employees, you need to calculate their wages. It is worthwhile to think about transportation costs separately.

After calculating the potential waste, you can proceed to determine the possible revenues. To do this, you need to know the potential yields of crops that you plan to grow, and the purchase prices for them. It is better to immediately make several options for calculation, because you can not hope for the maximum harvest in the first year of doing business. A competently drawn up greenhouse plan will help optimize all expenses and estimate revenues. With the right approach to business organization, investments pay off in less than 2 years.

Location:

Particular attention should be paid to the place where your greenhouses will be located. It is necessary to take into account not only the transport interchange and the proximity to the markets. It is important to assess the land on which you plan to place hothouse facilities. If they are submerged during the spring flood, they become automatically unusable. Also avoid areas where freezing can last for a long time. These include deep valleys, ravines. It is not necessary to place greenhouses in the hills.

Attention should be paid to the possibility of communicating. To do this, it is advisable to visit the electricity, water and gas supply companies for an approximate calculation of the cost of connection. Before the erection of greenhouses, it is advisable to check the quality of the supplied water. If it turns out to be bad, then you will need additional equipment for a green house that will clean it. For irrigation, it is desirable to use only that water, which contains a permissible amount of iron, salts, normal pH level, there are no microorganisms that cause decay.

Necessary equipment

The development of hothouse economy requires quite large investments at the start. This is not only the erection of the structures themselves. It is important to correctly approach the arrangement of the greenhouse. So, first of all you need to organize its heating. This point is especially important if you are planning to establish a capital structure in which vegetables will be grown all year round. Also need to pay attention and watering. Ideally for a greenhouse area of more than 100 square meters. It is desirable to organize drip irrigation. Do not forget that in the winter, the day is much shorter, so you will have to provide additional electrical lighting.

You have to spend money on inventory. You will need to buy tools for soil cultivation, carts, buckets, sprayers and other equipment for greenhouses.

Staff recruitment

If you do not have experience in running an agricultural business, it will be difficult for you to estimate how many people you will need. Of course, no one will need you if you are building a small structure on your site. And if your complex will include greenhouses with an area of several hectares, it is better to take care of the selection of people in advance. It should be borne in mind that the necessary number of personnel depends on the types of cultivated crops. For example, 1 person can grow 0.3 hectares when growing tomatoes, and 0.2 hectares when growing cucumbers.

Operating mode

Before starting your business, you need to look at the most profitable greenhouse farms in Russia. Ideally, in order to obtain the maximum income, it is necessary to collect several crops per year. You can do this only if you immediately spend money on the erection of capital facilities. In this case, it will be possible to grow vegetables in the greenhouse both in summer and in winter. However, in the cold season it will be necessary to heat the room in addition, and in the warm season - to ensure maximum air intake from the outside. For these purposes it is desirable to make a greenhouse with windows that can be opened.

But the buildings, covered with a film, can be used from February to March to November. During the winter frosts they are not able to protect the plants.

Nuances of doing business

Before you begin to work, you need to decide how you will grow the selected crops. So, at the present time advanced hydroponic technologies are used in advanced farms. This allows you to get the maximum yields. This technology of hothouse economy is aimed at creating ideal conditions for plants, accelerating their growth and obtaining products of better quality.

But the cultivation of vegetable crops on ordinary soils is more labor-consuming. In addition, hydroponic technologies also provide a more rational use of water and nutrients needed by plants.

Alternative business

Most people who decide to engage in agriculture, only think about food. But growing vegetables or even berries for many is not the limit of dreams. Some people think about the goals for which greenhouse farming can be used. Flowers are one of the alternatives. They are in demand for a whole year.

In developed countries they know that the creation of flower greenhouses is one of the most profitable projects. You can grow roses and tulips. And you can choose a slightly different direction. No less profitable is the cultivation of houseplants in pots and their subsequent sale. It can be violets, orchids, various palms, citrus trees.