Gas-piston power plant: the principle of operation. Operation and maintenance of gas piston power plants

Gas-piston power plant is used as the main or reserve source of energy. To operate the device, access to any combustible gas is required. Many GPPP models can additionally generate heat for heating and cooling for ventilation systems, warehouses, industrial facilities.

Gas-piston power plants: the principle of operation

The main elements of the GPP are a motor generator and a gas piston engine. The combustible gas in the GPA chamber is ignited by means of a spark plug and produces the energy used to rotate the working shaft of the generator.

Automated power plants and electrical units with piston gas engines, in addition to electrical, can generate heat energy in a recycling boiler or water-water heater. Less common are models that generate cold.

Device

Gas-piston power plant consists of:

• A gas engine and an alternating current generator connected by an elastic finger clutch;
• Radiator;
• Fan with the drive of the latter from the front end of the crankshaft through V-belt transmission;
• Air purification filters and other auxiliary devices mounted on a common installation frame.

The generator has a separate complete device with control and distribution panels.

Motor

The operation of a gas piston power plant is impossible without a GPA. It works on natural, associated petroleum and industrial gases. The engine has cast aluminum block heads that are mounted and attached to two cylinder blocks. The combustion chamber (more often an open type) is located in the cylinder between the flat head of the block head and the piston bottom with a ring recess.

Based on the conditions for ensuring the no-knock combustion of the gas-air mixture and limiting the maximum combustion pressures, a small compression ratio of 10.5 (for natural gas) instead of 1415 in the diesel engine is used in the gas engine. This is achieved by installing under the head of the block thicker than the diesel, ring aluminum gaskets (for each cylinder - a separate).

Ignition system

The engine uses a battery ignition system consisting of:

• Electric candles;
• Breaker-distributor of the ignition coil;
• Power supply;
• Electrical wires.

To ignite the working mixture in the cylinders, electric candles are used (one candle per cylinder). They are installed in the head of the unit in nests with a thread and outlet nozzles, which are provided in the places where the injectors are located in the diesel engine. The central location of the electrolight relative to the combustion chamber ensures optimum combustion conditions of the mixture due to the minimum propagation path of the flame front in the cylinder and the normal cooling of the candle circulating in the block head with water.

Operation of gas-piston power plants

As a fuel in gas engines, various types of gases are used:

• Natural (both main and liquefied);
• Associated (oil);
• Propane-butane;
• biogas;
• Industrial gas (sewage, mine, coke, pyrolysis);
• Other flammable gases.

Reliability of power plants with gas piston engines is confirmed by their continued operation in Western Siberia, Yakutia, the Far East and other regions of the Russian Federation. First of all, they are exploited at enterprises, oil and gas, coal fields. The abundance of associated gas makes their operation very profitable.

Service

Before purchasing GPPP, the composition of the gas used as fuel and its parameters are agreed with the manufacturer. The manufacturer also performs the commissioning and commissioning of the units in coordination with the customer.

Depending on the complexity of the equipment, the gas-piston power plant is serviced either by the supplier or by trained and experienced personnel. Maintenance or repair of gas equipment, as well as other engine components and assemblies, should be carried out only after the gas is extracted from the gas main and the power system.

Air should not contain aggressive or explosive gases. In the engine room where the gas engine is installed, the working air must not have a dust content of more than 0.002 g / m ³ . At a higher dust content, an additional cleaning system must be installed at the entrance to the motor.

Benefits

The gas-piston power plant can operate autonomously and in parallel with other power plants that are identical in characteristics with a power ratio of 3: 1 to 1: 3 or an industrial network.

The gas piston engine, the generator, the radiator of the cooling system are mounted on the common frame. The engine and the generator are connected to each other by flanges, eliminating the need for aligning the shafts. The unit can be supplied in a stationary version on the frame and a mobile version in a heated body.

During the operation of power plants, automatic monitoring of:

• Stability of output electrical parameters;
• Overheating of coolant;
• Overheating of the oil;
• The oil pressure drop in the engine lubrication system;
• Reduction of insulation resistance;
• The emergence of dangerous potential on the hull.

The GPP can be provided with automatic or remote control of starting, running and stopping the engine.

Specifications

The main technical data on the example of the Russian model AD200S-T400-P:

• Rated power: 200 kW.
• Voltage: 400 V.
• Current frequency: 50 Hz.
• Type of current: three-phase, alternating.
• Rated speed: 1500 rpm.
• Start-up of engine: starter.
• Gas consumption: not more than 50 kg / h.
• Overall dimensions of the unit: 2950x1320x1610 mm.
• Weight of the unit is dry: 2960 kg.
• Engine service life to overhaul: 15000 h.

The unloaded gas piston power plant provides for the launch of a short-circuited asynchronous electric motor with a power of up to 125 kW with a starting current multiplicity of up to 7. The GPPP is equipped with heating means ensuring start-up at a temperature below + 5Сᵒ and air heating devices inside the room (body).